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ERYTHROXYLON   COCA. 

(Specimen  of  a  branch  grown  in  a  hot-house,  property  of  Mr.  Mariani.) 


COCA 


LIBRARY   "^^  ,     ,    / 
University  of  CalHbrnlaS^bb 

C59 


(H37 


AND    ITS 


Therapeutic    Application 


BY 


ANGELO  MAR1ANI 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


SECOND    EDITION 


NEW    YORK 
J.  N.  Jaros,  52  W.   15TH  St 

1892 


These  pages  are  inscribed  and  respectfully  dedicated 
to  the  Medical  Profession,  as  a  token  of  appreciation 
for  the  kind  aid  ever  extended  to  me  in  my  efforts 
to  popularize  that  valuable  addition  to  therapeutics, 
"  Erythroxylon  Coca.,J 

ANGELO  MARIANI. 


41  Boulevard  Haussmann, 
Paris,  France. 


OUTLINE    OF   COCA    PLANT. 

(Showing  leaves  and  seeds.     Nos.   i  and  2,  Coca  leaves  seen  by 
transmitted  light.) 

All  illustrations  in  this  volume  have  been  specially  pre- 
pared for  this  work,  and  are  from  original  drawings  from 
life  by  M.  Mariani. 


INTRODUCTION. 


lACH  race  has  its  fashions  and  fancies.  The 
Indian  munches  the  betel ;  the  Chinaman 
woos  with  passion  the  brutalizing  intoxi- 
cation of  opium ;  the  European  occupies  his 
idle  hours  or  employs  his  leisure  ones  in  smoking, 
chewing  or  snuffing  tobacco.  Guided  by  a  happier 
instinct,  the  native  of  South  America  has  adopted 
Coca.  When  young,  he  robs  his  father  of  it ;  later 
on,  he  devotes  his  first  savings  to  its  purchase. 
Without  it  he  would  fear  vertigo  on  the  summit  of 
the  Andes,  and  weaken  at  his  severe  labor  in  the 
mines.  It  is  with  him  everywhere ;  even  in  his 
sleep  he  keeps  his  precious  quid  in  his  mouth. 

But  should  Coca  be  regarded  merely  as  a  mastica- 
tory ?  And  must  we  accept  as  irrevocable  the  decision 
of  certain  therapeutists  :  "  Cocaine,  worthless  ;  Coca, 
superfluous  drug  "  ?  (i) 

For  several  years  laryngologists  such  as  :  Fauvel, 
of  France ;   Morell  Mackenzie  and  Lennox  Browne,  of 

(i)  Nothnagel  et  Rossbach,  Nouveaux  Elements  de  The'rapeutique. 


--  6  — 

Kngland ;    and  Elsberg,    of  America,  had  undertaken 
the  defense  of  Coca. 

Under  such  patronage  Coca  and  its  preparations  were 
not  slow  in  becoming  popular. 

Charles  Fauvel  was  the  first  to  make  use  of  it  as  a 
general  tonic,  having  a  special  action  on  the  larynx  ; 
and  to  make  known  its  anaesthetic  and  analgesic  quali- 
ties. 

Coca  was  further  recommended,  as  it  were  empiric- 
ally, against  stomatitis,  gingivitis,  gastric  disturbances, 
and  phthisis  (Rabuteau),  Elements  de  therapeutique 
et   de  pharmacologie . 

Although  striking  effects  were  obtained  from  this 
valuable  medicine,  its  full  worth  was  yet  unknown 
and  there  was  diversity  of  opinion  as  to  its  mode  of 
action,  until  the  communications  of  Koller,  of  Vienna, 
on  Coca  and  Cocaine,  appeared  in  1884. 

These  interesting  publications  led  to  such  general 
discussion  among  medical  men,  that  nearly  every  one 
eagerly  followed  the  work,  and  watched  the  splendid 
results  obtained  by  the  Viennese  physician  (now  Pro- 
fessor of  Ophthalmology  in  New  York  Polyclinic). 

It  is  found  that  studies  made  of  the  active  prin- 
ciples of  Coca  have  entirely  corroborated  our  pre- 
visions, and  probably  no  subject  has  received  greater 
attention  than  have  the  virtues  of  this  little  Peruvian 
shrub,  formerly  looked  upon  in  Europe  with  so  much 
indifference. 


.__  7  — 

The  scientific  study  of  the  principles  of  Coca  may  be 
considered  as  completed ;  and  we  believe  that  the  time 
has  arrived  in  which  to  summarize  data  regarding 
this  therapeutic  agent,  so  that  the  employment  of  our 
preparations  may  be  based  on  positive  clinical  ex- 
perience. 

The  aim  of  this  modest  work  is  to  offer  to  the  medi- 
cal profession  a  short  account  of  the  history  of  Coca, 
and  of  the  investigations  which  it  has  called  forth  up 
to  the  present  day. 

We  propose  to  divide  our  subject  into  five  parts. 

1ST.  We  will  describe  the  botanical  character  of 
Coca,  and  also  speak  of  its  culture  and  the  mode  of 
gathering  it. 

2D.     Its  history,  its  properties  and  uses. 

3D.  The  physiological  researches  made  in  the 
domain  of  Coca,  devoting  a  special  chapter  to  Cocaine. 

4TH.     Its  therapeutic  application. 

Finally  we  will  quote  some  general  conclusions 
and  explanations  regarding  the  method  of  using  our 
different  preparations,  based  on  observations  made  by 
competent  physicians  in  Europe  and  America. 


SPECIMEN    OF   THE  COCA  SHRUB. 


« (Grown  in  a  Hot-house  by  Mr.  Mariani   showing  general  frail  condition 

of  the  leaf.) 


CHAPTER  I. 


ERYTHROXYLON  COCA, 

ITS   BOTANICAL   CHARACTER. 


OCA  is  indigenous  to  South  America.  The  differ- 
ent botanists  disagree  as  to  which  exact  family  it 
should  be  assigned.  Linnaeus,  De  Candolle, 
Payer,  Raymundi  of  Lima,  Huntk,  and  others, 
place  it  in  the  family  of  the  Erythroxylece,  of  which  there 
exists  but  one  genus,  the  Erythroxylon,  while  Jussien  adopts 
another  classifi cation  and  places  it  in  the  family  of  the 
Malpighiacecz  {genus  SetJiid).  Lamarck,  on  the  contrary,  be- 
lieves that  this  plant  should  be  classed  among  the  family 
of  Nerprem  (Rhamnese). 

Erythroxylon  Coca  is  a  shrub  which  reaches  a  height  of 
from  six  to  nine  feet  and  the  stem  is  of  about  the  thickness 
of  a  finger.  In  our  climate  it  cannot  thrive  except  in  a 
hot-house,  and  there  its  height  does  not  exceed  one  metre. 

The  root,  rather  thick,  shows  multiple  and  uniform 
divisions ;  its  trunk  is  covered  with  a  ridged  bark,  rugged, 
nearly  always  glabrous,  and  of  a  whitish  color.  Its  boughs 
and  branches,  rather  numerous,  are  alternant,  sometimes 
covered  with  thorns  when  the  plant  is  cultivated  in  a  soil 
which  is  not  well  adapted  to  it. 

The  leaves,  which  fall  spontaneously  at  the  end  of  each 
season,  are  alternate,  petiolate,  with  double  intra-accillary 
stipules  at  the  base.  In  shape  they  are  elliptical-lanceolate, 
their  size  varying  according  to  the  nature  of  the  plant  or 
of  the  soil  in  which  it, grows. 


—  10  — 


The  leaf  of  Coca  gathered  in  Peru,  of  which  we  give 
two  figures  of  the  natural  size,  is  generally  larger  and 
thicker  than  the  leaf  of  the  Bolivian  Coca.  It  is  also  richer 
in  the  alkaloid,  consequently  much  more  bitter. 

The  Coca  leaf  from  Bolivia,  smaller  than  the  Peruvian 
leaf,  is  as  much  esteemed  as  the  latter,  although  it  contains 

A  R 


LEAVES  OF  PERUVIAN  COCA,  NATURAL  SIZE. 

A.  Upper  surface  of  the  leaf. 

B.  Lower  surface  of  the  leaf,  showing  the  longitudinal  projections  of  the  two 

sides  of  the  midrib. 

less  of  the  alkaloid.  It  possesses  so  exquisite  and  so  soft 
an  aroma,  indeed,  that  the  coqucros  seek  it  in  preference 
to  any  other. 

The  Coca  leaves  of  Brazil  and  Colombia  are  much  smaller 
than  those  of  Peru  and  Bolivia.  Their  color  is  much  paler. 
Containing  but  traces  of  the  alkaloid  they  are  not  bitter, 
and  possess  a  pleasant,  but  very  volatile  aroma. 


—  11  — 

One  of  the  most  important  characteristics  of  the  Coca 
leaf  is  the  disposition  of  its  nervures ;  parallel  with  the 
midrib  two  longitudinal  projections  are  to  be  seen,  which, 
starting  from  the  base  of  the  leaf,  extend  in  a  gentle  curve 
to  its  point. 


LEAVES  OF  BOLIVIAN  COCA,  NATURAL  SIZE. 
(Lower  surface.) 

The  upper  surface  of  these  leaves  is  of  a  beautiful  green 
tint ;  the  lower  surface  of  a  paler  green,  except,  however, 
near  the  midrib.     At  this  point,  there  is  a  strip  of  green 


LEAF  OF  COCA  OF  COLOMBIA,  NATURAL  SIZE. 

darker  than  the  rest,  which  becomes  brown  in  the  withered 
leaves. 

The  flowers,  small,  regular  and  hermaphrodite,  white  or 
greenish  yellow,  are  found  either  alone  or  in  groups  in 


—  12  — 

little  bunches  of  cyme  at  the  axil  of  the  leaves  or  bracts, 
which  take  their  place  on  certain  branches.  The  disposi- 
tion into  cymes  is  that  most  commonly  met  with.  They 
are  supported  by  a  slender  pedicel,  somewhat  inflated  at 
the  top,  the  length  of  which  does  not  exceed  one  centi- 


NERVURES  OF  THE  LEAF  OF  PERUVIAN  COCA,  SEEN  BY  TRANS- 
MITTED LIGHT.     NATURAL  SIZE. 

metre.     The  sepals,  joined  at  the  base  and  lanceolated,  are 
of  a  green  tint  with  a  whitish  top.    The  petals,  half  a  centi- 
metre in  length,  pointed,  concave  inside  and  yellowish  white, 
exhale  a  rather  pleasant  odor.     They  ate  provided  with  an 
exterior  appendage,  of  the  same  color  and  of  the  same  con- 
sistency, surmounted  on  each  side  with  an 
ascending  fimbriated   leaf,  irregularly   tri- 
angular in   shape.     The   stajnens,   at  first 
joined    in    a   tube    for   one-third    of    their 
length,  afterward  separate  into  white  subu- 
lated  strings,  provided  with  an  obtuse  ovoid 
anther  which  extends  a  little   beyond  the 
petals.     The  ovary  is  ovoid  in  shape  and 
green  in  color,  thickening  at  the  top  into 
a   yellowish    glandular    tissue.     The  style 
which  rises  above    it  separates   into  three 
diverging  branches,  provided  with   orbicu- 
Seeds  of  Coca.      ^ar  papilliform   bodies   at  their  extremity, 
obliquely  inserted  into  the  slender  patina. 


—  13  — 

The  fruit  is  a  drupe  of  an  elongated  ovoid  form,  being 
a  little  more  than  a  centimetre  in  length,  of  a  reddish  color 
when  fresh,  and  having  a  tender,  thickish  pulp  inclosing  a 
seed.  This  seed  shows  longitudinal  furrows  and  alternate 
vertical  projections  which  make  its  division  irregularly 
hexagonal.  When  the  fruit  is  dried,  the  skin  assumes 
a  brownish  color,  shrivels  up  and  molds  itself  on  the  pro- 
tuberances and  irregularities  of  the  seed. 


CULTIVATION  OF  COCA. 


Erythroxylon  Coca  appears  to  have  come  originally  from 
Peru,  and  from  there  its  cultivation  was  carried  into 
Bolivia,  Ecuador,  New  Grenada,  and  Brazil,  in  a  word, 
throughout  the  entire  torrid  zone  of  South  America. 

For  some  time,  as  a  result  of  the  extended  consumption 
of  Coca  and  for  a  still  stronger  reason,  now  that  the  day 
is  at  hand  when  the  consumption  of  Coca  will  assume 
greater  proportions,  numerous  plantations  of  Coca  trees 
have  been  laid  out  in  regions  where  that  shrub  was  for- 
merly unknown.  We  take  pleasure  in  recording  that 
these  attempts  have  proved  successful  in  the  Antilles, 
thanks  to  the  disinterested  sacrifices  of  our  friend,  Dr. 
Betances.  It  is  also  with  pleasure  that  we  present  anew 
an  interesting  communication  made  by  the  learned  doctor 
to  the  "Societe  d'Acclimatation  de  France"  as  appeared  in 
the  Revue  Diplomatique,  17th  of  March,  1888. 

"Dr.  Betances  has  succeeded  in  acclimatizing  Coca- in 
the  Antilles.  At  considerable  expense  and  after  numerous 
shipments  of  seeds  and  the  transportation  of  plants  (this 
with  the  greatest  difficulty)  to  Porto  Rico  and  San  Domingo, 
Dr.  Betances  had  the  pleasure  of  receiving  a  fine  branch 
of  Coca  in  full  bloom,  which  was  sent  to  him  by  Monseig- 
neur  Mereno,   Archbishop  of  San  Domingo.     This  twig, 


BRANCH  OF  COCA.     NATURAL  SIZE. 

Sent  by  Monseigneur  de  Merefio,  Archbishop  of  San  Domingo, 

to  Dr.  B6tances,  Paris. 


—  15  — 

which  the  members  of  the  Society  were  enabled  to  ex- 
amine, excited  the  most  lively  curiosity  and  won  the  com- 
mendation of  M.  Geoffroy  Saint-Hilaire.  It  was  raised 
from  a  plant  which  had  been  only  eighteen  months  under 
cultivation." 

"  In  Porto  Rico  the  plant  reaches  a  greater  height  than 
in  Peru. 

"  A  box  filled  with  beautiful  leaves  has  also  been  received 
by  Dr.  Betances  and  forwarded  to  Mr.  Mariani.  This  also 
came  from  Monseigneur  Mereno. 

"  It  is  therefore  evident  that  the  plant  can  be  cultivated 
in  the  Antilles  and  that  it  may  become  a  source  of  wealth 
to  that  country." 

Plantations  like  this  would  probably  thrive  in  Corsica  or 
Algeria,  countries  where  the  temperature  at  certain  points 
is  somewhat  analogous  to  that  of  the  tropics. 

It  is  a  fact  that  this  shrub  does  not  attain  its  complete  de- 
velopment except  in  countries  where  the  mean  temperature 
is  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  degrees  centigrade. 

But  heat  does  not  suffice ;  great  humidity  is  also  neces- 
sary to  Coca  Therefore  it  is  met  with  principally  on  the: 
sides  of  hills  and  at  the  bottom  of  wooded  valleys  which 
abound  on  both  sides  of  the  Cordillieras.  Unfortunately,, 
these  regions  are  rather  distant  from  the  coast  and  they- 
are,  furthermore,  devoid  of  easy  means  of  communication  ;; 
it  is  above  all  to  this  particular  cause,  the  difficulty  of 
transportation,  that  we  must  attribute  the  relatively  high 
price  of  Coca  leaves. 

The  cultivation  of  Coca  trees  is  begun  by  sowing  the- 
seed  in  beds  called  Almazigos.  As  soon  as  the  plant  ap- 
pears it  is  protected  from  the  heat  of  the  sun  by  means 
of  screens  and  matting ;  when  it  reaches  a  height  of  from 
40  to  50  centimetres,  it  is  transferred  to  furrows  18  centi- 
metres in  length  by  7  in  depth,  care  being  taken  that  each, 
plant  is  separated  from  its  neighbor  by  a  distance  of  a 
foot. 


16 


During  the  first  year  maize  is  sown  in  the  interspaces, 
rapidly  overreaching  the  shrub,  and  taking  the  place  of 
the  screens  and  mats. 

The  growth  of  the  shrub  is  rather  rapid,  reaching  its 
full  height  in  about  five  years.  But  the  time  when  it 
becomes  productive  precedes  that  at  which  it  attains  its 
complete  height  by  about  3i  years   after  being  planted. 

After  that,  when  the  season  has 
been  especially  damp,  it  yields  as 
often  as  four  times  a  year. 

Attempts  have  been  made  to  ac- 
climatize it  in  Europe,  but  so  far 
without  success.  As  early  as  1869 
the  cultivation  of  it  was  tried  in 
the  Botanical  Garden  of  Hyeres, 
but  no  satisfactory  result  was  ob- 
tained. We  presented,  in  1872, 
two  samples  to  the  appreciative 
and  learned  director  of  the  Garden 
of  Acclimatization  of  Paris,  M. 
Geoffroy  Saint-Hilaire,  and  not- 
withstanding all  the  care  taken  of 
the  young  plants,  they  failed  to 
reach  their  full  growth.  Several 
frail  Coca  plants  may  be  seen  in 
the  conservatories  of  the  Jardin 
des  Plantes  de  Paris,  in  the  Botan- 
ical Gardens  of  London,  of  Brus- 
sels, etc.,  likewise  at  several  great 
horticulturists'  of  Gand,  notably 
Van  Houten's.  As  may  be  seen  by  the  large  colored  en- 
graving (1)  and  by  the  branch  engraved  above,  these 
specimens  of  ErytJiroxylon  Coca  are  very  far  from  giving  an 
idea  of  the  plant  growing  in  the  open  air,  in  a  soil  and 

(i)    This  cut  represents  the  Coca  shrub  presented  by  Mr.  A.  Mariani  to  the 
Paris  Botanical  Gardens. 


BRANCH  OF  COCA, 
as   grown    in   a   hot-house. 


—  17  — 

under  a  temperature  that  are  favorable  to  its  development, 
as  shown  by  the  leaves  of  Peruvian  Coca,  illustrated  above, 
and  which  come  from  one  of  the  newest  haciendas  of  Santa- 
Anna,  belonging  to  M.  M.-P.  Concha,  bordering  on  the 
territory  of  a  savage  tribe  of  Antis  or  Campas,  on  the  Uru- 
banba  river,  which  joins  the  Amazon  in  latitude  12°  S., 
longitude  75°  W. 


GATHERING  OF  COCA. 


The  plant  begins  to  yield  when  it  is  about  a  year  and  a 
half  old. 

The  leaf  is  the  only  part  of  the  plant  used. 

It  should  be  gathered  in  dry  weather ;  this  is  entrusted 
generally  to  women,  and  simply  consists  in  plucking  each 
leaf  with  the  fingers. 

The  leaves  are  received  into  aprons,  carefully  carried 
under  sheds,  to  shelter  them  from  the  rain  and  dampness, 
dried,  and  then  packed. 

We  quote  from  the  Voyage  dans  la  region  du  Titicaea,  by 
Paul  Marcoy,  the  following  passage  (*'  Tour  of  the  World," 
May,  1877) :  "  Of  all  the  valleys  of  the  Carabaya  group, 
Ituata  is  the  one  where  Coca  is  cultivated  on  the  largest 
scale.  They  were  then  at  the  height  of  the  work,  peons 
and  peonnes  were  following  each  other  through  the  plan- 
tations of  the  shrub,  so  dear  to  the  natives  that  a  decree 
of  1825  placed  it  in  the  crown  of  the  arms  of  Peru,  along- 
side of  the  vicunia  and  cornucopia,  or  horn -of -plenty. 
Men  and  women  carried  a  cloth  slung  across  the  shoulders 
in  which  were  placed  the  leaves,  as  they  gathered  them 
one  by  one.  These  leaves,  spread  out  on  large  awnings, 
were  exposed  to  the  sun  for  two  or  three  days,  then  packed 
up  in  bags  of  about  one  metre  in  size,  and  sent  off  to  all 
parts  of  the  territory. 


—  18  — 

"  This  gathering  of  the  Coca  is  just  such  an  occasion  for 
rejoicing  for  the  natives  of  the  valleys,  as  reaping-time  and 
harvests  are  for  our  peasants.  On  the  day  when  the 
gathering  of  the  leaves  is  finished  both  sexes  that  have 
taken  part  in  the  work  assemble  and  celebrate,  in  dances 
and  libations,  the  pleasure  they  experience  in  having 
finished  their  labors." 

In  1851,  the  annual  production  of  Bolivia  was  estimated 
to  be  more  than  400,000  certos  (600,000  kilogrammes)  of 
Coca  leaves,  of  which  three-quarters  came  from  the  pro- 
vince of  Yungas. 


CHAPTER  II. 


HISTORY  OF  COCA. 


OCA  has  been  known  from  time  immemorial  in 
South  America.  At  the  time  when  Pizarro 
landed  on  the  Peruvian  coast,  the  leaf  of  Coca 
was  held  in  great  esteem  among  the  natives ;  it 
was  considered  to  be  a  divine  plant,  a  living  representation 
of  the  Deity,  a  fetish  of  wonderful  and  supernatural  quali- 
ties, and  the  fields  where  it  grew  were  reverenced  as  sanc- 
tuaries. Not  everybody  was  allowed  to  make  use  of  it ; 
its  use  was  the  privilege  of  the  nobles  and  of  the  priests, 
and  among  the  greatest  rewards  that  the  sovereign  could 
give  his  subjects,  the  privilege  of  chewing  Coca  leaves  was 
most  highly  esteemed. 

However  strange  such  a  superstition  may  appear,  it  is 
indisputable,  and  all  authors  that  have  published  the  ac- 
count of  the  conquest  of  the  Indies  corroborate  it.  It  will 
suffice  for  us  to  quote  the  testimony  of  Joseph  Acosta,  who 
says  in  every  letter,  of  his  natural  and  moral  history  of  the 
Indies,  of  the  East  as  well  as  of  the  West,  published  in 
1653 : 

"  The  Indians  esteem  it  highly,  and  during  the  reign  of 
the  Incas,  the  common  people  were  not  allowed  to  use  Coca 
without  the  permission  of  the  Governor." 

The  disappearance  of  the  empire  of  the  Incas,  far  from 
diminishing  the  importance  of  Coca,  on  the  contrary  gave 
a  very  much  greater  scope  to  its  popularity.     The  natives 


'       —  20  — 

profited  by  their  freedom  from  the  restrictions  imposed 
by  the  native  rulers  in  regard  to  the  consumption  of  Coca, 
and  soon  the  use  of  this  leaf  became  so  common  that  it 
has  been  compared  by  every  one  interested  in  the  question 
to  the  use  of  tobacco  by  us ,  and,  as  it  has  justly  been 
added,  without  its  objections.  There  is  no  more  likeli- 
hood of  seeing  a  smoker  embark  without  his  tobacco  than 
an  Indian  begin  work  or  undertake  a  journey  unless  his 
chuspa  (pouch)  is  full  of  Coca  leaves.    Three  or  four  times 


NATIVES  OF  COLOMBIA  CHEWING  COCA. 

a  day  he  sits  down,  takes  some  leaves,  puts  them  one  by 
one  into  his  mouth  and  rolls  them  into  an  aculio  (quid), 
adding  a  little  llipta  (lime),  which  he  takes  from  his  ever- 
present  poporo.  The  poporo  is  a  little  gourd,  bored  at  the 
mouth  on  the  upper  part,  in  which  the  Indian  keeps  his 
llipta.  This  llipta  is  a  white  powder  composed  of  ashes  of 
vegetables  and  of  calcined  shells  pulverized,  with  which  the 
consumers  of  Coca  have  been  accustomed,  from  the  most 
remote  times,  to  season  their  quid.    It  is,  really,  an  alkaline 


—  21  — 

substance  intended  to  isolate  the  different  principles  of  the 
leaf  and  to  make  the  action  of  the  Coca  more  prompt. 

Among  those  inhabitants  of  South  America,  with  whom 
the  use  of  Coca  did  not  extend  to  the  lower  classes  until  after 
the  reign  of  the  Incas,  and  who  reserved  for  themselves,  as 
we  have  seen,  the  right  of  chewing  the  Coca  leaves,  the  con- 
sumption of  Coca  by  children  is  strictly  prohibited.  They 
do  not  indulge  in  this  luxury  except  in  secret,  and  it  ap- 
pears to  them  all  the  sweeter  because  it  is  forbidden.  But 
nearly  always  their  breath,  charged  with  the  tell-tale  odor 
of  Coca,  betrays  them  on  approaching  their  parents,  and 
the  latter  make  them  pay  for  the  pleasure  which  they  have 
stolen,  and  to  which  they  are  not  entitled  until  they  are  of 
age,  with  very  severe  punishment.  Only  when  they  have 
grown  up  will  they  be  allowed  to  chew  Coca  and  to  carry 
the  poporo,  which  they  do  not  relinquish  even  in  the  grave. 

On  coming  of  age  the  young  Indian  is  consigned  to  an 
old  woman,  who  keeps  him  a  few  hours  in  her  hut  to  ini- 
tiate him  in  the  mysteries  of  man's  estate. 

After  this  ceremony  she  gives  him  the  chuspa  (Coca 
pouch),  invests  him  with  the  poporo  and  consecrates  him 
a  coquero.  One  should,  see  with  what  pride  the  young 
Indian  leaves  the  threshold  of  the  sacred  cabin,  which  he 
entered  as  a  child  scarcely  a  few  hours  before  and  from 
which  he  departs  a  man,  that  is  to  say,  carrying  the  chuspa 
and  the  poporo,  and  able  to  chew  with  impunity,  before  the 
old  people,  this  precious  leaf  which  had  been  forbidden 
him  until  then. 

No  happiness  is  comparable  to  his !  See  with  what  an 
important  air  he  draws  forth  the  Coca  leaves  from  his 
chuspa,  as  he  rolls  them  in  his  fingers  to  make  a  large 
quid  of  them,  which  he  carries  to  his  mouth,  moistens 
delightingly  with  saliva,  and  places  under  his  jaws  and 
against  his  cheeks.  He  is  seen  holding  carefully  in  his 
right  hand  the  little  stick,  the  extremity  of  which  he 
is  going  to  moisten   by  putting  it   into  his  mouth,   and 


—  22  — 

which  he  will  dip  into  the  poporo  in  order  that  the  llipta 
may  adhere  to  its  moistened  part. 

He  carefully  carries  the  part  of  his  little  stick  covered 
with  llipta  to  his  quid,  and  thus  performs  the  operation 
of  mixing  the  alkaline  powder  with  the  masticated  leaf, 
It  is  at  this  moment  that  the  quid  of  Coca  affords  the  young- 
adult  the  most  delightful  sensation.  His  jaws  munch  it 
slowly,  his  tongue  collects  and  rolls  it  up  against  the  left 
cheek,  all  the  papilla  of  his  mouth  refresh  themselves 
deliciously  with  the  soothing  and  aromatic  juices  of  the 
precious  leaf,  and  by  the  slow  and  measured  motions  of 
deglutition,  he  carries  with  delight  the  precious  juice  into 
the  pharynx  and  thence  to  the  stomach.  While  he  is  ac- 
complishing this  important  operation,  his  eyes  swim  with 
beatitude,  over  his  entire  countenance  is  diffused  an  ex- 
pression of  content  and  unutterable  joy,  and  his  right  hand 
slowly  turns  the  little  stick  around  the  upper  part  of  the 
poporo,  where  are  deposited  little  by  little  the  particles  of 
llipta  and  masticated  Coca,  which  on  leaving  his  mouth 
adhere  to  its  extremity. 

The  only  occupation  of  the  first  days  of  the  adult  is 
the  much-loved  quid  of  Coca  and  the  encrusting  of  his 
gourd,  which  we  cannot  do  better  than  compare  to  the 
coating  of  the  pipe,  with  this  difference  that  our  confirmed 
smokers  blacken  hundreds  of  their  pipes  during  their 
existence,  while  the  Indian  encrusts  only  one  gourd  in  his 
whole  life ;  so  that  by  the  thickness  of  the  crust  formed 
around  a  poporo,  it  is  possible  to  judge  the  age  of  its  owner- 
This  crust,  which  hardly  ever  exceeds  the  thickness  of  a 
ring  on  the  poporo  of  a  young  Indian,  ends  by  reaching  the 
dimension  of  the  pileus  of  a  large  mushroom  on  the  poporo 
of  an  old  man. 

The  crust  is  produced  by  the  particles  of  Coca  and  llipta 
mixed  with  saliva  which  are  deposited  little  by  little  about 
the  mouth  of  the  poporo  by  smearing  with  the  stick. 

These  deposits  are  brought  about  in  an  almost  imper 


—  23  — 

•ceptible  manner.  It  is  only  after  some  months  that  the 
surface  of  the  poporo,  on  which  the  chewer  continually 
turns  the  little  stick,  becomes  covered  with  a  hardiy  per- 
ceptible layer  of  calcareous  substance  ;  at  the  end  of  two  or 
three  years  the  superimposed  layers  form  a  ring  which 
grows  larger  from  year  to  year,  and  which  finally  attains 
the  thickness  we  have  spoken  of  above. 


Small  stick  for  extracting  the  Llipta  from  the  poporo. 


i.  Poporo  of  a  youth. 


2.  Poporo  of  a  man  in 
his  prime. 


3.  Poporo  of  an  old  man. 


As  we  have  said  before,  the  Indian  never  parts  with  his 
poporo,  let  him  be  awake  or  asleep,  at  home  or  on  his  travels, 
the  poporo  is  always  attached  to  his  belt.  An  Indian  would 
part  with  all  he  holds  most  dear  in  the  world,  all,  except 
his  poporo. 

We  have  the  rare  and  good  fortune  to  possess  a.  poporo, 
of  which  we  give  a  picture  (fig.  3).  It  is,  we  believe, 
the  only  specimen  existing  in  Europe.  We  owe  it  to  the 
kindness  of  M.  Gauguet,  who  has  made  numerous  voyages 
to  Colombia,  where  he  has  been  able  to  establish  so  much 
sympathy  among  the  natives  that  one  of  their  old  chiefs, 
who  was  specially  indebted,  did  not  fear  to  depart  from  all 


—  24  — 

custom  ana  to  incur  the  contempt  of  his  companions,  by- 
offering'  him,  as  a  pledge  of  friendship,  the  object  to  which 
he  attached  the  greatest  value — his  poporo  /     (1) 

Thus  the  great  importance  that  an  Indian  attaches  to 
Coca  is  easily  shown.  It  should  be  recognized,  moreover, 
that  the  first  conquerors  of  the  country  did  not  fail  to 
countenance  the  passion  of  the  vanquished  for  the  national 
plant.  In  fact,  they  quickly  recognized  that  the  habit  of 
consuming  Coca  might  become  an  excellent  source  of 
revenue ;  and  Garcillasco  de  la  V£ga,  a  half-breed  of  the 
first  generation,  tells  us  that  in  his  time  a  part  of  the  im- 
post was  paid  to  the  conqueror  in  the  form  of  Coca  leaves. 
The  benefits  which  were  derived  from  the  traffic  in  this 
plant  were  such  that  at  a  certain  time  the  revenues  of  the 
bishop  and  of  the  canons  of  the  cathedral  of  Cuzco  came 
from  the  tithe  on  these  leaves. 

There  was,  moreover,  another  object  in  favoring  the  use 
of  Coca  among  the  Indians.  The  latter  were  treated,  as 
is  known,  as  if  they  were  beasts  of  burden,  and  their 
oppressors  were  not  slow  to  recognize  the  fact  that  they 
furnished  much  better  labor  when  they  consumed  Coca. 

We  shall  see,  further  on,  that  the  recognition  of  this  fact, 
the  correctness  of  which  cannot  be  disputed,  and  which 
served  to  excite  the  rapacity  of  the  conquering  savages  of 
that  time,  has  become  to-day  the  means  of  furnishing  one 
of  the  most  valuable  aids  to  contemporary  therapeutics. 

The  particular  favor  in  which  the  plant  was  held  in  the 
beginning  of  the  conquest,  was  destined  to  suffer  some 
disturbance.  In  the  seventeenth  century,  for  example, 
the  religious  quibbles  regaining  the  ascendancy  in  pub- 
lic affairs,  some  sedate  theologians  pretended  that  Coca 
was  an  aliment,  and  that  under  this  name  the  use  of  it 
should  be  prohibited  to  young  people  and  before  the  com- 
munion.     The   question   was   vigorously   contested,    and 

(i)  Mr.  Mariani  has  presented  to  the  Academy  of  Medicine  a  plaster  cast 
of  this  very  pofioro,  in  his  possession. 


—  25  — 

there  is  no  doubt  that  the  consumption  of  Coca  would  have 
sustained  a  very  decided  blow  had  not  Prince  don  Alonzo 
de  la  Pina  Montenegro  declared  that  the  plant  contained 
no  alimentary  principle.  This  point  we  shall  presently 
consider  from  a  scientific  point  of  view. 

Although  the  inhabitants  of  the  Indies  attach  so  much 
importance  to  the  use  of  Coca,  this  product  can  not  be  ac- 
climatized in  our  hemisphere,  and  our  fathers  who  took  up 
the  use  of  tobacco  with  so  much  eagerness  remained  indif- 
ferent to  Coca.  Perhaps  this  indifference  should  be  attrib- 
uted to  the  exaggerations  of  the  first  importers,  who  com- 
ing to  Europe  still  imbued  with  the  legends  gathered  in 
the  New  World  ascribed  supernatural  qualities  to  the  new 
plant.  The  exaggeration  of  these  statements  soon  became 
apparent.  From  this  it  was  only  a  step  to  a  denial  even  of 
its  existence.  And  thus,  for  more  than  two  centuries,  we 
were  deprived  of  the  advantages  to  be  derived  from  the 
judicious  use  of  the  plant 

It  should  not  be  believed,  however,  that  the  various 
writers  during  these  two  centuries  remained  entirely  silent 
regarding  Coca.  The  study  of  the  properties  of  the  plant 
was  still  a  field  of  research  for  a  number  of  learned  men, 
small,  it  is  true,  but  they  well  knew  that  side  by  side  with 
fiction,  which  they  rejected,  there  was  a  reality  that  it  were 
better  to  accept. 

We  further  observe,  that  Claude  Duret,  a  magistrate  of 
Moulins,  who  wrote  a  book,  printed  in  1605,  on  The  Mar- 
vellous and  Wonderful  Plants  in  Nature,  mentions  Coca  as 
one  of  the  most  worthy  to  figure  in  his  colleccion. 

Nicholas  Monardes  in  the  General  History  of  Plants,  pub- 
lished in  Lyons  in  1653,  calls  attention  likewise  to  the 
properties  of  Coca. 

In  the  seventeenth  century,  l'abbe  Longuerue,  who  was  a 
theologian,  an  historian,  and  a  philologist,  speaking  of  the 
Spanish  colonies  in  South  America,  says,  in  regard  to  the 
mines  explored  in  Peru :  "  The  negroes  can  not  work  in 


—  26  — 

the  mines,  they  all  die.  Hardly  any  but  the  natives  are 
able  to  endure  this  labor,  and  then  it  is  necessary  to  re- 
lieve them  frequently  and  that  they  should  chew  Coca, 
-without  which  the  quicksilver  vapors  would  kill  them." 

Linnaeus  says  that  Coca  possesses :  "  the  penetrating 
aroma  of  vegetable  stimulants,  the  astricting  and  fortifying 
virtues  of  an  astringent,  the  antispasmodic  qualities  of 
bitters,  and  the  mucilaginous  nutritive  properties  of  ana- 
leptics or  of  alimentary  plants.  This  leaf,"  he  continues, 
"  exhibits  with  energy  its  action  on  all  parts  of  the  an- 
imal economy :  Olido  in  nervos,  sapido  in  fibras  utroque  in 
jluido." 

Father  don  Antonio  Julian  wrote  :  "  This  plant  is  a 
preventive  against  many  diseases,  a  restorative  of  lost 
strength,  and  is  capable  of  prolonging  human  life.  It  is 
sincerely  to  be  regretted  that  So  many  poor  families  do  not 
possess  this  preventive  of  hunger  and  thirst ;  that  so  many 
employees  and  laborers  should  be  deprived  of  this  means 
of  maintaining  their  strength  in  the  midst  of  continuous 
toil ;  that  so  many  old  and  young  men  engaged  in  the 
arduous  task  of  study  and  the  accomplishment  of  their 
undertakings  are  unable  to  derive  the  beneficial  results  of 
this  plant  to  guard  against  the  exhaustion  of  the  vital 
spirits,  debility  of  the  brain,  and  weakness  of  the  stom- 
ach, which  are  frequent  results  of  continuous  study." 

Boerhaave  {Inst.phys.  §  68),  states  that :  "  the  saliva  charged 
with  all  the  bitter  and  mucilaginous  principles  of  Coca  car- 
ries to  the  stomach,  in  addition  to  vital  strength,  a  ver- 
itable nutritive  which,  digested  and  converted  into  an 
abundant  and  nutritious  chyle,  enters  into  the  circulation 
and  is  converted  into  the  material  necessary  to  sustain  the 
human  economy." 

We  shall  not  stop  to  quote  the  different  writings  of 
observers  who  have  interested  themselves  in  Coca.  It 
may  be  inferred  from  the  preceding  statements  that  Coca 
possesses  this  particular  character,  viz.,  of  enabling  those 


—  27  — 

who  make  use  of  it  to  withstand  the  greatest  fatigue.  Men 
employed  in  hard  work  in  mines,  couriers  obliged  to  trav- 
erse mountainous  countries  difficult  of  travel  without  be- 
ing able  to  take  much  rest,  in  a  wrord,  persons  subject  to 
overwork  in  every  way,  all  agree  in  recognizing  the 
strengthening  and  nerve-fortifying  action  of  Coca.  It 
supports  them,  economizes  their  forces,  prevents  their 
succumbing  to  lassitude — in  short,  augments  their  vitality. 

When  the  Indian  has  a  good  supply  of  Coca  he  under- 
takes, without  the  slightest  fear,  the  most  difficult  and 
longest  voyages,  even  into  fever-stricken  countries. 

When  he  passes  before  an  apachecta  (a  quadrangular 
mound  which  the  natives  raise  on  the  sides  of  the  roads 
at  certain  points  for  a  halting-place),  the  Indian  divests 
himself  of  his  wraps,  takes  his  quid  of  Coca  from  his 
mouth,  always  after  having  previously  exhausted  it,  and, 
in  order  to  draw  down  upon  it  the  blessing  of  Pachacamac, 
their  sovereign  master  of  the  world,  he  throws  it  against 
the  consecrated  hillock.  Thus,  that  which  particularly  char- 
acterizes these  kinds  of  tumuli  are  the  green  splashes  of 
Coca  with  which  they  are  literally  covered. 

The  name  of  coqucros  is  given  to  the  chewers  of  Coca.  It 
seems  that  this  plant  procured  for  them  dreams  like  those 
to  which  hachisch  gives  rise. 

In  native  therapeutics,  this  plant  is  used  to  dress  ulcers 
and  all  kinds  of  sores.  The  Indians  also  use  it  to  combat 
asthma,  jaundice,  colic,  etc. 

Coca  is  consumed  chiefly  in  Peru,  Bolivia,  Colombia,  and 
Brazil.  Since  1863 — the  time  from  which  our  first  efforts  to 
popularize  it  date — its  use  has  rapidly  become  general,  and 
it  may  be  stated  that  to-day  it  is  known  and  used  in  all 
civilized  countries. 


CHAPTER  III. 


PHYSIOLOGY  OF  COCA. 


T  is  to  empiricism  and  that  alone  that  we  owe 
our  first  knowledge  of  the  physiological  action 
of  Coca.  There  is  nothing  surprising  in  that, 
for  empiricism  is  nothing  more,  in  reality,  than 
unconscious  observation. 

The  Indians,  who  from  time  immemorial  consumed  so 
great  a  quantity  of  Coca  leaves,  did  not  do  so  merely 
from  religious  sentiment  which  deified  the  leaves  of  Coca, 
they  well  knew  that  they  would  derive  great  benefit  from 
its  use ;  they  knew  it  only  too  well,  since  it  is  to  that  cause 
that  we  must  attribute  the  legendary  accounts  given  by  the 
first  authors  who  wrote  on  Coca. 

This  veneration  for  Coca  arose,  as  we  have  seen,  from 
its  wonderful  qualities.  There  are  indeed,  in  this  direction, 
some  truly  extraordinary  accounts  which  should  not  be 
dismissed  without  notice,  as  they  are  given  in  good  faith. 

Unanue,  of  Lima,  relates  that  at  the  siege  of  La  Paz, 
Bolivia,  in  1781,  only  those  inhabitants  who  had  taken 
Coca  were  able  to  endure  hunger  and  fatigue.  Nearly  all 
of  the  soldiers  perished,  deprived,  as  they  were  of  food 
and  overcome  by  forced  marches,  except  those  who  had 
taken  the  precaution  to  provide  themselves  with  Coca 
leaves. 

It  must  not  be  believed  that  this  prolonged  fast,  sus- 
tained by  the  use  of  Coca,  wastes  the  strength  and  is  inju- 


—  21)  — 

rious  to  the  appetite.  Indeed,  according  to  the  statement 
of  all  authors,  the  Indians  who  pass  an  entire  day  without 
eating,  notwithstanding  the  hardship  of  forced  marches, 
content  themselves  with  chewing  Coca  leaves,  and  eat  very 
heartily  in  the  evening. 

"  The  Indians  who  accompanied  me  on  my  voyage,"  says 
Weddel,  "  chewed  Coca  leaves  all  day,  neither  drinking, 
eating,  nor  showing  any  signs  of  fatigue.  But  at  evening 
they  replenished  their  stomachs  like  men  who  were  com- 
pletely famished,  and  I  can  assure  you  that  I  have  some- 
times seen  them  devour  at  one  meal  more  aliment  than  I 
could  have  consumed  in  two  days."  We  will  see,  further 
on,  that  it  is  in  exciting  the  cerebro-medullary  and  ner- 
vous muscular  functions,  in  part,  and  partly  in  producing 
a  soothing  effect  on  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach, 
that  Coca  produces  these  wonderful  results  in  the  con- 
servation of  energy  without  the  tortures  of  hunger,  not- 
withstanding the  deprivation  of  aliment. 

After  this  abstract  of  the  well-known  and  recognized 
properties  of  Coca  leaves,  we  will  proceed  to  the  medical 
study  undertaken  regarding  this  subject. 

In  1859  Niemann  discovered  the  active  principle  of  the 
leaves  of  Coca,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  Cocaine, 
though,  in  fact,  the  discovery  of  this  alkaloid  should  be 
attributed  to  Gardeke,  who  had  separated  it  in  1855  under 
the  name  of  Erythroxyline. 

The  work  of  Demarle  appeared  in  that  same  year,  on 
"  The  Coca  of  Peru"  (1),  in  which  he  pointed  out  certain  prop- 
erties attributed  by  him  to  the  alkaloid  that  the  leaves  of 
the  plant  contained,  and  which  he  studied.  He  remarked, 
among  other  things,  the  dilatation  of  the  pupils,  which  he 
had  noticed  in  his  own  case  after  having  taken  a  dose  of 
Coca ;  the  absence  of  taste  for  a  greater  or  less  length  of 
time  after  crushing  some  leaves  with  his  teeth  and  letting 
them  remain  in  the  mouth. 

(i)  Dr.  Demarle,  Essay  on  Peruvian  Coca,   These  de  Paris,  1862. 


—  30  — 

Mantegazza  has  studied  the  effect  of  Coca  and,  according" 
to  this  author,  it  acts  as  a  stimulant  on  the  nervous  system, 
the  respiration,  and  the  circulation. 

A  dose  of  fifteen  to  twenty  grammes  of  Coca  produces 
an  increase  of  the  heart-beat,  increasing  pulse,  and  finally 
a  rise  in  temperature.  Mantegazza  observed  on  him- 
self that,  under  the  influence  of  such  a  dose,  his  pulse 
increased  from  65  to  124.  Moreno,  who  repeated  the  same 
experiment,  obtained  similar  results.  The  temperature 
and  respiration  are  increased  in  the  same  proportion  as 
the  circulation. 

The  same  dose,  or  even  a  weaker  one,  produces  a  remark- 
ably stimulating  effect  on  the  nervous  system.  It  is  from 
this  stimulating  effect  that  Coca  makes  one  more  active 
and  vigorous  and  enables  those  to  accomplish  more  work 
who,  without  it,  would  soon  be  overcome  with  more  or  less 
fatigue.  The  use  of  larger  doses  (60  grammes  for  example) 
has  caused  intoxication,  accompanied  by  sensation  of 
happiness,  which  makes  everything  appear  under  a  favor- 
able aspect.  Mantegazza,  who  experienced  this  intoxi>. 
cation,  describes  his  sensations  in  an  animated  style, 
which  recalls  that  of  the  Oriental  legends  :  "  Borne  on 
the  wings  of  two  Coca  leaves,  I  flew  about  in  the  spaces 
of  77,438  worlds,  one  more  splendid  than  another.  I 
prefer  a  life  of  ten  years  with  Coca  to  one  of  a  hundred 
thousand  without  it.  It  seemed  to  me  that  I  was  sepa- 
rated from  the  whole  world,  and  I  beheld  the  strangest 
images,  most  beautiful  in  color  and  in  form  that  can  be 
imagined." 

In  1868,  Moreno  y  Maiz  made  some  researches  into  the 
physiological  action  of  Cocaine,  and  explained  them  in  an 
interesting  thesis  which  he  read  before  the  Faculty  of 
Paris  (1). 

At  about  the  same  time,  Lippmann,  of  Strasbourg,  de 
voted  his  labors  to  the  same  subject,  but  his  investigations 

(i)  Moreno  y  Maiz,  These  de  Paris,  1868. 


—  31  — 

did  not  yield  the  same  results.  He  says  that  he  could  not 
establish  the  anaesthetic  properties  of  the  plant.  (1) 

After  Moreno  y  Mai'z,  Dr.  Gazeau  (2),  in  1870,  studied  the 
stimulating  effect  of  Coca  on  nutrition,  and  found  that  it 
increased  the  pulse  and  respiration,  assisted  digestion,  in- 
creased urinary  excretion,  and  strengthened  the  nervous 
system.  This  author  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  Coca 
prolongs  life  and  promotes  muscular  energy.  He  advises 
its  use,  locally,  for  stomatitis,  gingivitis,  aphthous  ulcera- 
tion, and  generally  for  painful  and  difficult  digestion, 
gastric  disturbance  in  phthisis,  and  also  for  obesity. 

It  was  Charles  Fauvel  who  first  described  the  anaesthe- 
tizing effect  of  Coca  on  the  pharyngeal  mucous  mem- 
brane (3).  Thanks  to  this  circumstance,  he  has  been  able 
to  derive  much  benefit  from  the  use  of  Coca  in  granular 
pharyngitis  which  is  generally  unaffected  by  any  other 
kind  of  treatment. 

Fauvel  further  showed  that  the  stimulating  effect  which 
Coca  exercises  on  all  the  muscles  of  the  economy,  appears 
to  manifest  itself  specially  on  all  the  muscles  of  the  larynx. 
Hence  his  apt  qualification  of  the  drug,  "  a  tensor  par  excel- 
lence of  the  vocal  cords." 

In  1880,  Von  Arep  published  the  results  of  his  physio- 
logical researches  with  Cocaine.  He  spoke  of  its  double 
effect  on  the  nervous  extremities  and  on  the  central  nervous 
system. 

We  approach,  on  leaving  this  epoch,  the  really  scientific 
era,  that  is  to  say,  that  of  physiological  experiments. 

All  the  experiments  having  been  made  with  Cocaine, 
we  shall  speak  of  it  in  the  next  chapter,  which  will  be 
devoted  exclusively  to  the  study  of  this  alkaloid. 

Before  closing,  we  will  mention  that  it  has  been  claimed 
frequently  that  Coca  was  aphrodisiac.     The  fact  that  the 

(i)  Lippmann,  These  de  Strasbourg,  1868. 

(2)  Gazeau,  These  de  Paris,  1870. 

(3)  Gazette  des  Hopitaux,  Paris,  March  12,  1877. 


°9 


Peruvian  Venus  was  represented  as  holding  in  her  hand  a 
leaf  of  Coca,  was  suggested  as  a  proof  in  support  of  this 
opinion.  Dr.  Unanue  speaks  of  "  certain  coqueros,  eighty- 
years  of  age  and  over,  and  yet  capable  of  such  prowess 
as  young  men  in  the  prime  of  life  would  be  proud  of." 

Let  us  here  add  that  the  so-called  unhappy  consequences 
of  the  abuse  of  Coca  are  really  much  more  rare  than  those 
produced  even  by  tobacco,  alcohol  or  opium.  An  entirely 
immoderate  use  of  the  drug  must  be  made  before  any  such 
result  follows. 

The  constant  use  of  reasonable  doses  of  Coca  appears  to 
produce  a  diametrically  opposite-  effect,  and  the  authors, 
who  have  had  occasion  to  see  a  great  number  of  Coca  con- 
sumers, report  cases  of  astonishing  longevity  among  the 
Indian  coqueros  (Tschudy,  Campbell,  Mantegazza,  Unanue). 
They  add  that  these  instances  are  far  from  being  excep- 
tional. 


COCAINE. 


I.— A   CHEMICAL   STUDY.      (1) 


Cocaine  is  a  crystallized  alkaloid  which  Niemann,  a 
pupil  of  Prof.  Wcehler,  succeeded  in  extracting,  in  1859, 
from  some  leaves  of  Erythroxylon  Coca  and  to  which  he  gave 
the  following  formula : 

C32  H2  O  Az  O2 
Before  it  was  known  to  him,  Wackenroder,  Johnston,  Gar- 
deke  and  Maclagan  analyzed  this  plant  without  succeeding 
in  the  isolation  of  its  active  principle. 

Some  important  works  undertaken  on  this  subject  by 
Lassen,  Humann  and  R.  Perey  are  also  quoted. 

(i)     Rigolet.  These  de  Paris,  1885. 


—  33  — 

Properties. — Cocaine  is  colorless,  odorless,  and  bitter  to 
the  taste.  It  crystallizes  in  the  shape  of  oblique  rhomboid 
prisms  of  from  four  to  six  facets. 

It  is  very  soluble  in  water,  less  soluble  in  alcohol,  and 
absolutely  insoluble  in  ether.  It  does  not  vaporize  below 
98°,  but  if  the  temperature  is  greatly  increased  it  is  decom- 
posed.    It  possesses  a  strongly  alkaline  reaction. 

United  with  acids  it  forms  salts  which  are  very  difficult 
to  crystallize. 

Those  which  have  been  obtained  from  it  are  :  the  salicy- 
late, oxalate,  hydrobromide,  sulphate,  acetate,  and  finally 
the  hydrochlorate,  which  forms  an  exception  to  the  general 
rule,  and  is  obtained  more  easily  in  the  crystalline  form 
than  any  other. 

The  solutions  of  the  salts  of  Cocaine  are  precipitated  by 
the  caustic  alkalies;  carbonate  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  am- 
monium, the  alkaline  bicarbonates,  the  bichloride  of  mer- 
cury, the  protochloride  of  tin,  bichloride  of  platinum,  and 
by  ammonia,  which,  added  in  excess,  redissolves  the  precipi- 
tate formed  by  it.  Iodine  water,  iodized  potassium  iodide, 
and  picric  acid  precipitate  the  solutions  of  salts  of  Cocaine. 
When  Cocaine  is  heated  to  100°  in  a  sealed  tube  with  con- 
centrated hydrochloric  acid,  it  separates  into  benzoic  acid 
and  a  new  base,  for  which  M.  Wcehler  has  proposed  the 
name  of  Ecgonine.  Lassen  has  discovered  another  nitroge- 
nous base  resulting  from  the  separation  of  Cocaine — 
Jiygrine. 

Preparation. — The  process  used  by  Niemann  for  obtain- 
ing Cocaine  is  as  follows : 

This  chemist  digested  Coca  leaves,  cut  into  very  small 
pieces,  in  alcohol  (at  55°),  for  several  days,  adding  sul- 
phuric acid.  The  tincture  which  resulted  from  this  op- 
eration was  separated  by  expression,  filtered,  and  treated 
with  slaked  lime.  The  liquid,  which  was  primarily  of  a 
greenish-brown,  was  both  divested  of  a  part  of  its  chloro- 
phyll  and  also   of   a   certain  waxy   substance.     Niemann 


—  34  — 

then  neutralized  this  with  sulphuric  acid  and  evaporated 
it  over  a  water-bath.  The  residue  was  then  treated  with 
water,  which  caused  the  separation  of  the  rest  of  the  chloro- 
phyll and  of  the  sulphate  of  Cocaine  that  it  contained,  and 
which  was  precipitated  by  means  of  the  carbonate  of 
sodium.  He  separated  it  finally  with  ether  and  purified 
it  by  several  re-crystallizations  in  alcohol.  This  process 
was  modified  by  Lassen,  who  precipitated  the  aqueous  solu- 
tion with  the  subacetate  of  lead. 

In  this  way  he  was  able  to  obtain  about  six  grammes  of 
Cocaine  from  a  kilogramme  of  Coca  leaves. 

Moreno  y  Mai'z  proposed  a  third  process.  He  mixed 
intimately,  slaked  lime  with  finely-pulverized  Coca  leaves, 
letting  the  mixture  stand  for  nearly  twenty-four  hours,  in 
order  that  the  lime  might  react  suitably  on  the  alkaloid, 
imitating  in  that,  the  Indian  who  mixes  with  his  quid  the 
llipta,  of  which  we  have  already  spoken.  He  afterward 
lixiviates  it  with  alcohol  at  40°. 


II. — PHYSICAL   STUDY. 


We  have  reviewed  the  works  of  the  different  authors 
who  occupied  themselves  with  Coca ;  their  various  labors, 
although  very  interesting,  did  not  reach  the  famous  dis- 
covery of  local  anaesthesia,  and  it  is  to  Koller,  of  Vienna  (1), 
that  the  honor  belongs  of  having  brought  to  light  the  re- 
markable effect  of  Cocaine  when  applied  to  the  conjunctival 
membrane. 

This  soon  awakened  general  curiosity.  From  all  quar- 
ters came  works  on  the  subject.  Reuss,  Kcenigstein, 
Jellinck,  Schrotter,  Knapp  and  others  hastened  to  give  to 
the  profession  the  result  of  their  researches. 

In    France   enthusiasm   was   not  less   strong,    nor    less 

(i)  Soc.  imp.  royale  des  medecins  de  Vienne,  Oct.  17,  1S84. 


—  35  — 

prompt,  all  those  whom  this  discovery  interested  under- 
took a  series  of  experiments  with  Cocaine  (1). 

Among  the  first  experimenters  we  must  mention  spe- 
cially, Prof.  Panas,  Prof.  Vulpian,  Prof.  Dujardin-Beaumetz, 
Dr.  Terrier,  Dr.  Trousseau,  Dr.  Dehenne. 

Prof.  Panas  reports  in  a  communication  made  by  him  to 
the  Academie  de  Medecine  (2)  what  he  has  observed. 

He  states,  besides,  that  in  nearly  all  respects  his  personal 
investigations  are  confirmatory  of  those  made  by  Roller. 

About  five  minutes  after  a  few  drops  of  a  solution  of 
hydrochloride  of  Cocaine  composed  of  0.5  gramme  of  that 
salt  to  a  gramme  of  distilled  water  have  been  instilled  into 
the  eye,  anaesthesia  of  the  conjunctival  mucous  membrane 
of  the  cornea  begins  to  manifest  itself  and  reaches  the  deep 
parts  in  about  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes  if  the  instillations 
are  repeated  every  five  minutes. 

At  the  same  time  there  is  a  certain  amount  of  mydriasis, 
but  this  is  less  pronounced  than  that  produced  by  atropine. 
This  pupillary  dilatation,  which  is  more  perceptible  in 
young  subjects  and  not  in  glaucomatous  states,  lasts,  at 
least,  for  twenty-four  hours.  With  that  occurs  a  slight 
paralysis  of  the  ciliary  muscle. 

"  On  account  of  this,"  says  Professor  Panas,  "  Cocaine 
should  be  placed  among  the  slightly  mydriatic  substances 
of  which  the  passing  effect  might  be  utilized  for  ophthal- 
moscopic explorations  of  the  fundus  of  the  eye,  under  the 
same  head  as,  and  better  than,  homatropine." 

According  to  M.  Dujardin-Beaumetz,  Cocaine  not  only 
deadens  sensibility,  but  it  can  further  be  utilized  with 
morphinomaniacs  as  a  substitute  for  morphine  without 
presenting  the  objections  of  the  latter  substance  ;  and  he 
adds  that  subcutaneous  injections  made  with  this  alkaloid 
are  not  irritating  {Bulletin  de  l" Academie  de  Medecine,  ses- 
sion of  the  18th  of  November,  1884). 

(i)  Rigolet,  These  de  Paris,  1888. 

(2)  M.  Panas.     Communication  a  l'Acad.  de  Medecine,  November,  1884. 


—  36  — 

Prof.  Vulpian,  at  the  outset,  communicated  to  the  Acad- 
emie  des  Sciences  the  results  of  his  interesting  physiological 
researches  with  the  chlorhydrate  of  Cocaine. 

M.  Vulpian,  after  observing  similar  anaesthetic  and  anal- 
gesic effects  on  the  eye  in  animals  as  already  shown  in 
man,  resulting  from  an  instillation  between  the  eyelids  of 
a  few  drops  of  solution  of  hydrochlorate  of  Cocaine,  and 
also  perceiving  under  these  conditions  the  mydriatic  ac- 
tion of  the  salt,  noticed  a  protrusion  of  the  ocular  globe 
when  he  injected  0.10  centigramme  of  hydrochloride  of 
Cocaine  of  a  one  to  one  hundred  aqueous  solution  into  the 
saphenous  vein  of  a  non-curarized  dog,  and  that  it  oc- 
curred almost  immediately  after  throwing  the  liquid  into 
the  vessel.  Instantly  the  eyelids  were  seen  to  separate  and 
the  pupillary  orifice  to  enlarge.  "  This,"  says  he,  "  is  an 
effect  which  exactly  recalls  the  results  of  -faradization  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  cervical  sympathetic  nerve  cut 
transversely." 

Complete  anaesthesia  of  the  two  transparent  corneae 
existed  in  this  case. 

Prof.  Grasset,  of  Montpelier,  almost  at  the  same  time  as 
Vulpian,  observed  the  same  effects  of  Cocaine,  but  a  greater 
persistency  in  the  phenomena  of  insensibility  following 
the  intravenous  injection  of  the  solution  of  hydrochloride 
of  Cocaine. 

At  about  that  time,  Dr.  Laborde,  of  the  Academie  de  Mede- 
cine,  treated  still  more  deeply  of  the  action  of  Cocaine  in 
three  successive  notes  to  the  Societe  de  Biologie  (Nov.  22d 
and  29th,  and  Dec.  27th,  1884).  This  learned  physiologist 
studied  the  analgesic  action  generally  resulting  from  sub- 
cutaneous injections  of  0.03  of  hydrochloride  of  Cocaine, 
in  three  doses,  in  the  guinea-pig.  He  saw  it  at  the  same 
time  produce  a  general  hyper-excitability  which  irresistibly 
forced  the  animal  to  move,  and  even  produced  epileptic 
convulsions;  the  general  analgesic  state  lasted  for  more 
than  forty-eight  hours. 


—  37  — 

M.  Laborde,  in  attributing  the  secondary  peripheric 
analgesia  of  intravenous  or  subcutaneous  injections  of 
hydrochlorate  of  Cocaine  to  the  cerebral  insusceptibil- 
ity to  pain,  unconsciously  made  Cocaine  a  general  anaes- 
thetic. 

Prof.  Arloing  (1885,  Mhnoire  Soc.  Biologie)  has  undertaken 
many  experiments  for  demonstrating  that  Cocaine  is  not  a 
general  anaesthetic. 

In  his  experiments,  the  learned  physiologist  of  Lyons 
confirmed  the  results  obtained  by  Vulpian  as  to  the  modifi- 
cations occasioned  by  Cocaine  of  the  arterial  pressure  ;  he 
saw,  like  his  predecessors,  the  excito-medullary  and  con- 
vulsary  effect  of  large  doses  of  Cocaine  and  the  increase  of 
the  salivary  secretion,  and  in  regard  to  its  cerebro-spinal 
effect,  he  compared  it  to  strychnine.  General  analgesia  did 
not  occur  except  from  fatal  doses  or  when  accompanied  by 
convulsions.  The  hydrochlorate  of  Cocaine,  according  to 
M.  Arloing,  produces  and  can  produce  nothing  but  local 
anaesthesia  by  temporarily  changing  the  physical  properties 
of  the  protoplasm  of  the  terminal  and  fibrillary  nervous 
elements  easily  accessible  to  medicinal  agents  in  the  cor- 
nea and  mucous  surfaces. 

We  will  presently  show  that  the  several  learned  men 
who  have  been  engaged  in  investigating  the  mechanism 
of  action  of  the  active  principles  of  Coca  were  by  no 
means  in  accord  as  regards  the  modus  agendi  of  Cocaine  in 
the  production  of  local  anaesthesia. 

While  M.  Dujardin-Beaumetz  likens  the  local  anaesthetic 
action  of  Cocaine  to  that  of  cold,  and  while  M.  Laborde 
considers  that  it  produces  a  diminished  blood  supply  by  the 
vaso-constrictor  action  of  the  great  sympathetic  nervous 
system,  M.  Arloing,  on  the  contrary,  explains  it  by  a  local 
action  on  the  nervous  protoplasm. 

Moreover,  in  1886,  Schilling,  a  supporter  of  the  vascular 
theory,  advised  inhalations  of  nine  drops  of  nitrite  of 
amyl,  in  three  doses,  inhalations  which  caused  dilatation 


—  38  — 

of  the  vessels,  to  revive  patients  poisoned  with  injections 
of  Cocaine  hydrochlorate. 

In  repeating  these  experiments  in  the  laboratory,  Dr. 
Laffont  has  succeeded  little  by  little  in  enlarging  his  field 
of  experiments,  and  finally  has  given  to  the  Academie 
de  Medecine  (session  of  the  4th  of  January,  1888),  a 
complete  and  definitive  account  of  the  action  of  the  active 
principles  of  Coca  on  the  different  functions  of  the  econ- 
omy. This  work  of  original  researches  and  criticism  of 
previous  works  will  serve  to  explain  the  methodical  and 
rational  use  of  our  preparations  in  the  list  of  the  different 
diseases  where  our  former  previsions  had  already  led  us  to 
advise  them. 

In  an  earlier  work  (Comptes-rendus,  Sociiti  de  Biologic, 
Dec.  3,  1887),  Dr.  Laffont,  studying  the  action  of  Cocaine 
on  the  great  sympathetic  nervous  system,  found  that  under 
the  action  of  the  active  principle  of  Coca  the  functions  of 
all  the  constrictor  fibres  of  the  great  sympathetic  nerve 
were  increased. 

The  stomach  contracts. 

The  intestines  undergo  an  augmentation  in  peristalsis 
and  borborygmi  are  heard. 

The  bladder  invariably  contracts,  as  M.  Laborde  has  also 
seen. 

The  orbital  capsule  of  the  eye  (smooth  muscle)  propels 
the  eye-ball  forward. 

The  pupil  is  dilated. 

In  a  word,  all  the  smooth-fibred  muscles  or  muscles  of 
organic  life,  subordinate  to  the  great  sympathetic  nervous 
system  constrictor,  undergo  an  augmentation  of  functional 
activity. 

In  a  second  essay  (Comptes-rendus,  Socidte'  de  Bioiogie, 
Dec.  17,  1887),  the  same  experimenter  studied  more  par- 
ticularly the  mechanism  of  the  local  or  general  analgesic 
action  of  Cocaine,  and,  like  M.  Arloing,  as  opposed  to 
M.  Laborde,  he  found  that  the  cerebral  perceptibility  was 


—  39  — 

not  deadened,  by  a  physiological  dose,  but  on  the  contrary, 
increased. 

The  action  of  Cocaine  on  the  nervous  system  is  not 
exerted  by  the  intervention  of  vascular  constriction  ;  it  is 
a.  generalized  exciting  action,  and  a  state  of  peripheric 
non-receptivity  of  external  impressions  (1)  in  the  nervous 
extremities  of  the  sensory  nerves  and  the  nerves  of  gen- 
eral sensation. 

Cocaine,  according  to  M.  Laffont,  is  not  the  antagonist 
of  curare,  as  M.  Laborde  describes  it,  but  quite  the  con- 
trary, a  particular  curare,  acting  like  it  on  the  periphery, 
and  not  affecting  the  nervous  centers,  the  functional  action 
of  which  is  exaggerated  thereby. 

M.  le  docteur  Beugnies-Corbeau  describes  fully  in  the 
Revue  hcbdomcidaire  de  The'rapeutique  ge'nerale  et  t herniate,  the 
internal  effects  of  Coca,  until  now  so  obscure,  and  in  regard 
to  which  no  concrete  doctrine  had  been  formulated  until 
M.  le  docteur  Laffont  presented  to  the  Academie  de  Med- 
ecine  his  researches.  He  shows  that  Coca,  from  its  active 
principles,  should  have  these  entirely  distinct  actions : 

1°  Action  on  the  protoplasm  of  the  nervous  extremities 
of  the  sensory  nerves  and  on  the  nerves  of  general  sensi- 
bility, producing  non-transmissibility  to  the  nerves  of  pain- 
ful and  even  sensorized  impressions,  in  a  large  dose  ; 

2°  Excito-functional  action  on  the  cerebro-spinal  nervous 
centers,  producing  an  augmentation  of  intellectual  and 
muscular  activity ; 

3°  Excito-functional  action  on  the  great  sympathetic  con- 
strictor nerve,  consequently  an  exaltation  of  the  functional 
action  of  all  the  non-striated  muscles  or  muscles  of  organic 
life,  which  are  subordinate  to  it. 

Considering  these  distinct  properties  of  the  active  prin- 
ciples of  Coca,  M.  Laffont  explains  the  long-recognized 
virtues  of  Coca,  in  that  they  conserve  the  natural  forces, 
notwithstanding  the  withdrawal  of  aliments,  in  the  follow- 

(i)  Dr.  Laffont.    Etude physiologique  sur  la  Coca  et  les  sets  de  Coca. 


—  40  — 

ing  manner :  "  The  exciting  cerebro-medullary  action  of 
these  principles  causes  an  increase  of  the  intellectual  and 
physical  activity,  at  the  same  time  that  the  analgesic 
action  on  the  extremities  of  the  sensitive  and  sensory 
nerves,  prevents  the  pangs  of  hunger,  and  consequently 
the  accompanying  moral  and  physical  depression." 

From  another  point  of  view,  M.  Laffont  adds,  that  the 
dynamogenic  action  of  the  active  principles  of  Coca  on  the 
smooth-fibered  muscles  "  indicates  its  use  in  the  list  of 
atonic  gastro-intestinal  diseases,  flatulent  dyspepsia,  dila- 
tation of  the  stomach,  paresis  of  the  intestines,  of  the 
bladder,  etc." 

It  is  impossible  for  us  to  recount  here  all  the  trials  which 
have  been  made  with  Cocaine;  we  will  only  quote  the 
names  of  Dr.  Deneffe,  Dr.  Charpentier,  Dr.  Morell  Mac- 
kenzie, Dr.  Lennox  Browne,  Dr.  Sajous,  Dr.  J.  Leonard 
Corning,  Dr.  Beverly  Robinson,  Dr.  Louis  Elsberg,  Dr.  W, 
Oliver  Moore,  Dr.  Vincenzo  Cozzolino,.  Dr.  Abadie,  Dr. 
Galezowski,  Dr.  Meyer,  Dr.  de  Wecker,  Dr.  Doleris,  Dr. 
David  Colombe,  Dr.  Rigolet,  and  Dr.  Brasseur,  the  major- 
ity of  whom  have  studied  this  question  from  an  ocular, 
therapeutical,  obstetrical,  dental,  and  laryngological  point 
of  view. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


THERAPEUTIC  ACTION  OF  COCA. 


OW  that  we  understand  the  physiological  proper- 
ties of  Coca  and  Cocaine,  we  come  to  the  study 
of  the  different  morbid  states  in  which  these 
substances  may  be  usefully  employed. 


DISEASES   OF  THE   MOUTH. 


Gazeau  advises  the  use  of  Coca  for  inflammations  of  the 
mouth  and  gums.  Pain  is  assuaged,  ptyalism  removed, 
and  the  inflammation  itself  favorably  influenced.  He 
cites,  in  support  of  his  opinion,  the  use  which  the  Peruvi- 
ans make  of  it  in  affections  of  the  mouth,  and  mentions 
cases  of  mercurial  stomatitis  treated  with  this  agent  and 
cured  in  a  short  time,  in  his  practice. 

Demarle  (1),  before  him,  expressed  himself  thus :  "  I 
have  used  Coca  for  mercurial  stomatitis.  The  affection 
disappeared  on  the  third  day  of  treatment ;  nothing  else 
had  been  administered." 

In  cases  where  the  gums  are  soft,  fungous,  ulcerated,  or 
bleeding,  and  these  changes  depend  on  local  or  constitu- 
tional conditions,  Coca  is  equally  indicated.  Gazeau  pre- 
fers it  even  to  potassium  chlorate. 

(l)    These  de  Paris,  1862. 


—  42  - 

According  to  Dr.  Colombe  (1),  Coca  is  a  potent  factor  in 
the  treatment  of  syphilis.  (2)  "  It  is  demonstrated  that 
potassium  iodide  and  potassium  chlorate  undergo  double 
decomposition  in  the  system,  and  thus  interfere  with  each 
other's  action.  Coca,  substituted  for  the  chlorate  under 
such  circumstances,  would  not  be  open  to  the  same  objec- 
tion. It  would  find  its  application,  therefore,  when  the 
mixed  treatment  is  found  necessary." 


DISEASES  OF  THE  THROAT,  PHARYNX  AND 
THE  LARYNX. 


As  regards  the  a?igincz,  the  acute  inflammations  of  the 
larynx  and  pharynx,  we  might  repeat  what  has  been  said 
about  inflammations  of  the  mouth.  •  In  particular,  the  pain, 
so  violent  in  certain  a?igin<z,  calls  for  this  method  of  treat- 
ment. The  same  is  true  of  the  dysphagia  which  accompa 
nies  them. 

Charles  Fauvel  first  recognized  the  virtues  of  Coca  in 
the  tingling  of  follicular  angina  and  the  laryngeal  pains 
of  tuberculous  subjects.  In  those  cases  he  specifies  Mari- 
ani's  extract  of  Coca  leaves  in  preference  to  solutions 
of  Cocaine,  which  sometimes  give  rise  to  symptoms  of 
poisoning. 

Dr.  Rouquette  (3)  relates  a  case  of  tubercular  laryngitis 
in  which  symptoms  of  poisoning  showed  themselves  as 
early  as  the  third  day ;  the  parts  had  been  painted  twice 
a  day  with  a  five-per-cent  solution  of  Cocaine. 

Dr.  Paul  Legendre  has  quite  recently  mentioned  anew 
the   danger  that  may  result  from  a  too  free  use  of  Co- 

(i)    These  de  Paris,  1885. 

(2)  Bumstead  and  Taylor  on  Venereal  Diseases. 

(3)  T/ie'rapeutique  contemporaine,  January.  1888. 


—  43  — 

caine  (1).  The  case  was  that  of  an  interne  of  the  hospitals 
attacked  with  diphtheria  who,  in  order  that  he  might  the 
better  bear  the  spraying-  with  caustics,  had  his  throat 
painted  with  a  solution  of  Cocaine.  Toward  the  seventh 
day  he  experienced  very  grave  symptoms  of  poisoning,, 
and  the  painting  had  to  be  suspended. 

It  is  better,  in  cases  of  this  sort,  to  prescribe  extract  of 
Coca,  which  answers  the  same  purposes  without  the  at- 
tendant danger  of  Cocaine. 

One  of  the  greatest  triumphs  of  extract  cf  Coca  is  assur- 
edly its  action  in  dysphagia  and  in  the  vcmiting  of  con- 
sumptives, as  also  in  the  vomiting  of  pregnancy.  The  first 
two  complications  are  of  the  gravest  kind,  for  they  con- 
demn to  starvation  patients  whose  only  chance  of  safety 
lies  in  the  activity  of  the  digestive  organs  (Ch.  Fauvel  and 
Coupard). 


DISEASES  OF  THE  STOMACH. 


Authors  who  have  given  attention  to  Coca  speak  very 
highly i of  its  employment  in  gastralgia  and  tardy  and 
laborious  digestion. 

Demarle  says  on  this  subject :  "  Personally,  I  have  found 
the  use  of  Coca,  either  before  or  after  eating,  excellent  for 
gastrodynia  and  pyrosis,  to  which  I  am  subject ;  hardly 
have  I  swallowed  the  first  bit  of  saliva  when  the  whole 
unpleasant  feeling  disappears." 

Mantegazza  speaks  of  its  use  in  the  same  strain.  The 
cephalic  congestion  which  accompanies  his  digestion  is 
relieved;  he  can  work  after  eating  without  feeling  any 
uneasiness. 

Dr.  Ch.  Gazeau  {These  pour  le  Doctor  at,  Paris,  1870,  Parent,, 
edit.,  pp.  61  et  seq.)  thus  sums  up  the  physiological  action 
of  Coca:  "On  the  stomach,  slight  excitation,  anaesthesia,. 

(i)  Concours  Medical  Aug.  II,  1888. 


—  44  — 

and  probably  an  increase  of  the  secretion  of  gastric  juice  ; 
on  the  intestines,  an  increase  of  the  intestinal  secretions,  etc. 
These  manifold  physiological  effects  upon  the  digestive 
tube  unite  in  a  specific  action,  so  to  speak,  in  the  numer- 
ous functional  troubles,  so  varied  and  so  ill-understood,  of 
the  organs  that  compose  it." 

The  same  author  cites  a  great  number  of  cases  of  this 
sort  in  which  Coca  "  has  never  failed  to  exert  an  admirable 
action,  often  even  marvelous."  And  he  concludes  (page 
65) :  "  It  seems  to  me  useless  to  bring  forward  more  ex- 
amples ;  these  are  enough  to  justify  this  positive  general 
conclusion:  Coca  is  the  remedy  par  excellence  for  diseases 
of  the  digestive  tube." 

Beugnies-Corbeau  (1)  prescribes  it  in  chloro-anaemia, 
not  only  for  gastralgia,  but  for  the  frequent  desire  to  eat 
which  patients  feel,  disappearing  as  soon  as  the  first 
mouthful  has  been  taken,  only  to  return  a  little  while 
afterward. 

Prof.  O.  Reveil  ends  his  article  on  Coca  as  follows : 
"  Much  remains  to  be  done  in  the  physiological  and  clinical 
study  of  Coca ;  it  is  known  that  it  acts  on  the  motor  and 
sensory  nervous  system.  This  substance  is  destined  some 
day  to  take  an  important  rank  in  therapeutics." 

In  irritability  and  various  affections  of  the  cerebral  cen- 
ters, Dr.  J.  Leonard  Corning  makes  use  of  Coca,  which  he 
prefers  to  the  bromides. 

In  a  very  remarkable  essay  on  Erytliroxylon  Coca,  pub- 
lished at  Ixelles,  in  1885,  a  perusal  of  which  we  urge  upon 
all  who  are  interested  in  the  study  of  Coca,  Dr.  A.  Feigneau 
says  (page  61) : 

"  There  can  be  no  mistake  that,  to  a  certain  extent,  Coca 
stimulates  the  cerebro-spinal  activity  by  suspending  or  re- 
tarding the  destruction  of  tissue  in  the  economy,  and  that 
its  action  may  modify  the  functions  of  the  nervous  centers, 

(i)  Bulletin  gen.  de  The" rap.  1884. 


—  45  — 

provided  there  are  no  such  contra-indications  to  its  use  as 
active  congestion,  inflammation,  or  organic  changes  in 
these  organs." 

"  Consequently  it  would  be  indicated  under  all  circum- 
stances where  a  nervous  affection  seemed  to  depend  upon 
a  state  of  ataxia." 

"  In  irritations  of  the  spinal  cord,  in  mental  aberration 
accompanied  by  melancholia,  as  well  as  against  idiopathic 
convulsions  (Mantegazza)  and  nervous  paraplegia." 

Dr.  Beverley  Robinson  considers  the  Vin  Mariani  as  a 
cardiac  tonic  (1) : 

"  On  several  occasions,  when  digitalis  has  proved  to  be 
useless  or  injurious,  I  have  had  very  excellent  results  from 
caffeine  or  convallaria.  Certainly,  the  latter  drug  is  more 
easily  tolerated  by  a  sensitive  stomach  than  digitalis  is ; 
and  whenever  the  nervous  supply  of  the  heart  is  especially 
implicated,  I  believe  that  I  secure  more  quieting  effects 
from  its  employment.  Among  well  known  cardiac  tonics 
and  stimulants  for  obtaining  temporary  good  effects,  at 
least,  I  know  of  no  drug  quite  equal  to  Coca.  Given  in  the 
form  of  wine  or  fluid  extract,  it  does  much,  at  times,  to  re- 
store the  heart-muscle  to  its  former  tone.  I  have  obtained 
the  best  effects  from  the  use  of  Mariani's  wine.  From  per- 
sonal information  given  me  by  this  reliable  pharmacist, 
these  results  are  attributable  to  the  excellent  quality  of  the 
Coca  leaves  and  of  the  wine  which  he  uses  in  its  manufac- 
ture." 

In  cases  of  morphinomania,  Dr.  Dujardin-Beaumetz  has 
pointed  out  the  advantage  to  be  obtained  with  the  Vin 
Mariani,  and,  following  him,  Dr.  Palmer,  of  Louisville, 
and  Dr.  Sigmaux  Treux,  of  Vienna,  have  obtained  excellent 
results  with  this  therapeutic  agent.  Further  on,  we  give  a 
case  of  Dr.  Villeneuve's,  showing  the  cure  of  a  morphino- 
maniac  by  the  combined  use  of  the  Vin  and  the  Pate 
(Mariani). 

(i)  "  Heart-strain  and  Weak  Heart,"  AT.  Y.  Medical  Record,  Feb.  26,  page  238. 


—  46  — 

Dr.  H.  Libermann  recommends  the  use  of  Coca,  in  the 
form  of  Vin  Mariani,  against  morphinomania,  nicotinism 
and  alcoholism. 

"  In  general  diseases  it  is  to  the  stimulating  properties  of 
the  plant  that  recourse  is  oftenest  had.  These  properties 
make  it  the  tonic  par  excellence  whenever  the  object  is  to 
build  up  a  system  that  has  been  enfeebled  from  any  cause. 
Its  preparations,  accordingly,  may  be  ordered  in  convales- 
cence from  all  grave  fevers,  in  anaemia  and  chloro-anaemia, 
in  all  diathetic  or  cachastic  conditions,  whatever  may  have 
been  their  original  cause  (chronic  rheumatism,  gout, 
genito-urinary  affection,  cancer,  etc.),  in  short,  in  all 
cases  where  the  system  is  debilitated  from  any  cause 
whatever." 

But  it  is,  above  all,  in  diseases  that  have  a  depressing 
action  on  the  nervous  system  that  the  effect  of  Coca  is  truly 
marvelous.  Gubler,  in  his  Commentaires  de  tJie'rapentiqne, 
shows  himself  its  warm  champion.  "Coca,"  says  he,  "  very 
much  like  tea  and  coffee,  lends  to  the  nervous  system  the 
force  with  which  it  is  charged,  after  the  manner  of  a  ful- 
minate, but  with  this  difference,  that  it  yields  it  gradually 
and  not  all  at  once." 

The  theory  of  the  fuhninates,  invented  by  M.  Gubler,  tal- 
lies so  well  with  observed  facts,  that  Mantegazza,  without 
generalizing  and  without  pretending  to  form  a  theory,  but 
limiting  himself  to  describing  by  simile  what  he  had  seen, 
truer  probably  than  he  himself  supposed,  said :  "  Under 
the  influence  of  Coca,  it  seems  that  a  new  force  is  grad- 
ually introduced  into  our  organism,  like  water  into  a 
sponge."     (A.  Dechambre.) 

This  opinion  has  been  corroborated  by  all  authors  who 
have  given  attention  to  the  question,  and  it  may  be  looked 
upon  as  one  of  the  least  contestible  in  therapeutics. 

We  will  add,  what  is  quite  important,  that  as  a  tonic 
Coca  has  been  found  far  superior  to  cinchona,  iron,  strych- 
nine, etc.     Everybody  knows  their  astringent  action,  which 


47 


makes  them  give  rise  to  such  obstinate  constipation  that 
there  are  patients  in  whom  it  is  often  necessary  to  sus- 
pend their  use.  There  is  no  such  objection  to  Coca ;  it 
never  constipates,  and  practically  its  use  may  be  contin- 
ued indefinitely. 


COCA  LEAVES. 

(Branch  in  natural  state.) 


CHAPTER  V. 


OUR  VARIOUS  PREPARATIONS    OF  COCA. 


MMEDIATELY  after  the  importation  of  the  Coca 
leaf  into  Europe,  we  conceived  the  plan,  the 
outcome  of  the  request  of  many  physicians,  of 
making  preparations  from  Coca.  Vin.  Mariani. 
— Elixir  Mariani. — Pdte  Mariani. —  Tht  Mariani. — Pastilles 
Mariani,  etc.  (The  author's  name  was  kindly  added  to  his 
preparations  by  the  medical  profession,  who  had  recognized 
the  superiority  of  his  products.) 

These  different  preparations  had  been  used  by  our  great- 
est practitioners  long  before  the  discovery,  or  rather  the 
application  of  Cocaine.  ■ 

The  results  obtained  were  marvelous,  and  the  innumer- 
able letters  which  were  addressed  to  us  by  physicians  who 
experimented  with  and  used  our  products  and  rendered 
accounts  in  the  medical  journals  in  all  parts  of  the  world, 
would  fill  a  large  volume. 

Under  the  esteemed  patronage  of  our  greatest  medical 
celebrities,  our  preparations  are  known  all  over  the  world ; 
they  have  reached  all  classes  of  society  and  everywhere,  in 
the  large  cities  as  in  the  small  villages,  men,  women,  chil- 
dren, in  fact,  convalescents  of  all  ages  now  know  the  name 
of  the  salutary  plant,  which  it  is  and  has  been  our  effort 
to  popularize,  though  strictly  so  according  to  the  code  of 
medical  ethics  and  by  those  channels  approved  of  by  the 
entire  medical  profession. 


—  50  — 

We  shall  now  consider  the  different  ways  in  which  we 
use  Peruvian  Coca,  and  which  under  the  well-known  forms 
of  vin,  Mixir,  pdtc,  and  of  tki  Mariani,  have  received  such 
universal  recognition.  We  will  show  incidentally  the  es- 
teem in  which  these  preparations  are  held  by  the  highest 
medical  authorities. 


VIN  MARIANI. 


This  is  the  first  of  the  preparations  of  Coca  and  the  one 
most  generally  adopted;  to  the  tonic  and  stimulant  action 
of  the  drug  there  is  added  that  of  a  choice  quality  of  wine. 

The  Vin  Coca  Mariani  contains  the  soluble  parts  of  the 
Peruvian  plant.  The  combination  of  Coca,  with  the  tannin 
and  the  slight  traces  of  iron  which  this  wine  naturally  con- 
tains is  pronounced  the  most  efficacious  of  tonics. 

The  Coca  leaves  that  we  employ  after  careful  selection 
come  from  three  different  sources  and  are  of  incomparable 
quality.  It  is  this  that  gives  to  our  wine  that  special  taste 
and  agreeable  aroma  which  renders  it  so  acceptable  to  the 
sick. 

It  is  likewise  to  the  combination  of  these  three  varieties 
of  Coca  leaf  in  our  wine  that  we  can  attribute  this  impor- 
tant fact :  during  almost  30  years,  no  matter  in  how  large 
doses  taken,  Vin  Mariani  has  never  produced  cocainism. 
(We  caution  especially  against  the  many  so-called  Coca 
wines  made  with  the  alkaloid  Cocaine.) 

Vin  Mariani'is  a  diffusable  tonic,  the  action  of  which  is 
immediate.  This  action,  instead  of  being  localized  on  a  sin- 
gle organ,  the  stomach,  spreads  to  the  whole  system.  Taken 
into  the  circulation,  it  awakens  in  its  course  the  retarded 
functions  of  every  organ,  and  this  is  owing  to  the  presence 
in  our  preparation  of  the  volatile  principles  of  the  plant. 

Unlike  other  tonics,  the  astringent  properties  of  which 
lead  at  length  to  heat  and  constipation,  Vin  Mariani  does 


—  51  — 

not  produce  any  disorder  of  the  digestive  functions;  it 
stimulates  them,  exerts  a  refreshing  action  on  the  gastric 
mucous  membrane,  and  on  that  account  so  advantageously 
replaces  the  preparations  of  cinchona,  iron,  strychnine,  etc. 

"  There  is,"  says  Dr.  Mallez,  "  a  form  of  anaemia  to  which 
the  attention  of  physicians  has  not  yet  been  called,  and 
which  yields  marvelously  to  the  employment  of  Vi?i 
Mariani ;  we  allude  to  that  state  of  profound  depression  of 
the  economy,  of  extremely  marked  impoverishment  of  the 
blood,  which  also  results  from  the  prolonged  abuse  of  bal- 
samics  in  the  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  urinary  passages. 

"  The  number  of  persons  who,  attacked  with  blennorr- 
hagia,  use  cubebs,  copaiba,  turpentine,  etc.,  to  a  deplorable 
extent  is  considerable.  So  true  is  this  that,  out  of  a  hun- 
dred young  dyspeptics,  we  may  affirm  without  fear  of  being 
in  error  that  at  least  forty  of  them  have  become  so  by  the 
use  of  balsamics. 

"  In  like  manner,  the  number  of  patients  affected  with 
urinary  gravel  whom  the  prolonged  and  excessive  use  of 
the  agents  just  mentioned,  has  rendered  dyspeptic  and 
then  neuropathic  is  enormous.  Like  the  former,  they  owe 
the  profound  disorder  of  their  digestive  functions  to  the 
immoderate  use  of  resins  and  oleo-resins. 

"  It  is  of  the  first  importance,  therefore,  to  relieve  these 
persons  by  making  them  take,  after  having  given  them  light 
laxatives  and  some  preparations  intended  to  strengthen 
the  stomach,  not  iron,  not  cinchona,  not,  as  we  have  said 
above,  local  tonics,  which  would  be  of  little  if  any  use,  but 
diffusible  tonics,  that  is  to  say,  those  that  act  upon  the  local 
condition  and  at  the  same  time  upon  the  general  condition, 
and  which,  moreover,  do  not  constipate. 

"  It  is  here  that  Vin  Mariani  proves  its  great  advantage 
and  succeeds  where  other  tonics  have  failed,  in  stimulat- 
ing the  functions  of  the  stomach.  On  the  one  hand  by  the 
small  quantity  of  tannin  which  it  contains,  on  the  other 
through  the  active  principles  of  Coca,  associated  with  the 


—  52  — 

wine,  which  serves  as  a  vehicle,  exciting  the  vitality  of 
each  organ  separately,  not,  however,  without  having  pre- 
viously exerted  its  vivifying  action  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  itself."  {Gazette  des  Hopitaux,  Nov. 
23,  1877.) 

The  analgesic  properties  of  Vin  Mariani  have  received  a 
happy  application  in  clinical  laryngoscopy  by  Dr.  Ch.  Fau- 
vel.  This  eminent  specialist  has  made  use  of  it  for  the 
past  twenty-six  years  with  unvarying  success  in  all  affec- 
tions of  the  laryngeal  mucous  membrane,  the  air  passages, 
and  the  vocal  organs.  In  granular  angina  it  takes  the  place 
of  the  topical  medication  and  cauterizations  which  are  so 
often  injurious  when  they  are  used  indiscriminately  and  to 
excess. 

The  employment  of  Vin  Mariani  rapidly  relieves  pa- 
tients of  the  feeling  of  heat  and  tingling  which  is 
one  of  the  most  annoying  symptoms  of  this  very  com- 
mon disease  of  the  throat.  {Gazette  des  Hopitaux,  May 
12,  1877.) 

Dr.  Beverley  Robinson  recommends  Vin  Mariani  as  a 
heart  tonic. 

Dr.  W.  H.  Pancoast  says  that  Vin  Mariani  is  a  valuable 
preparation  and  a  tonic  of  the  highest  merit. 

Dr.  Jules  Bouvyer,  of  Cauteretz,  employs  it  with  success 
in  certain  affections  of  the  larynx  as  an  adjuvant  to  the 
sulphurous  treatment. 

In  1875,  in  his  Traitement  rationnel  de  la  pJithisie  pulmonaire. 
Dr.  de  Pietra  Santa  said,  page  394  : 

"  Among  the  most  renowned  practitioners  of  Paris,  P£an, 
Barth,  G.  S6e,  and  Cabrol  have  promptly  adopted  the  prep- 
arations of  Coca.  Ch.  Fauvel  prescribes  it  in  affections  of 
the  respiratory  passages.  It  is  in  these  diseases  that  I,  too, 
have  had  occasion  to  advise  its  daily  use  in  the  most  con- 
venient, the  most  agreeable,  and  the  most  active  form — that 
of  the  Vin  Tofiigue  de  Mariani." 

Thus  has  been  realized  Reveil's  prediction  :  "  This  sub- 


—  53  — 

stance  (Coca)  is  destined  to  take  an  important  rank  in 
therapeutics." 

In  the  Revue  de  The'rapeutique  me'dicaux-chirur^icale,  June 
11,  1876,  page  381.  Bibliographic :  Dictionnaire  Encyclo- 
pc'dique  des  sciences  me'dicales,  par  A.  Dechambre,  Dr.  H.  Cot- 
tin  thus  closes  his  article : 

"  In  France,  we  are  using  a  great  deal  of  Coca  wine,  and  it 
is  tending  to  take  the  place  of  all  other  tonic  wines ;  it  is 
borne  a  longer  time  by  the  stomach  and  is  more  agreeable 
to  the  palate.  M.  Mariani  has  contributed  much  to  the 
popularization  of  Coca  by  the  perfection  of  his  preparations, 
vin,  the  elixir  and  pate.  These  are  the  forms  at  present 
most  employed." 

Dr.  Chapusot,  of  Paris,  thus  sums  up  his  personal  ob- 
servations :  "  A  claret-glass  of  this  wine  has  always  been 
enough  to  make  me  forget  hunger  and  to  sustain  my 
strength ;  I  have  felt  a  grateful  warmth  and  a  general 
exaltation  of  the  economy  ;  the  digestion  of  the  following 
meal  has  always  been  easier  than  if  I  had  not  taken  the 
Vin  Mariani,  and,  although  I  had  not  such  a  ravenous 
appetite  as  if  I  had  gone  without  it,  I  ate  a  good  deal,  the 
stomach  appearing  stronger  and  more  active." 

It  was  Dr.  Ch.  Fauvel  who  gave  our  wine  the  very  strik- 
ing and  exact  title  of  "Tensor  of  the  vocal  cords."  He 
says :  "  Thanks  to  Vin  Mariani,  I  have  been  able  to  restore 
the  voice  of  many  lyric  artists  who  would  have  been  unable 
without  this  potent  agent  to  give  their  performances." 

Dr.  J.  Leonard  Corning,  in  Brain  Exhaustion,  New  York, 
1884,  pages  78  and  112,  says  :  "  Of  all  the  medicaments  that 
I  employ  in  the  very  numerous  cases  of  irritability,  Vin 
Mariani  has  rendered  the  greatest  service.  I  do  not  except 
even  the  bromides,  for  this  preparation  of  Coca  possesses 
the  calmative  properties  of  those  salts  without  producing 
the  unpleasant  depression  which  characterizes  them." 

The  same  author  continues  : 

"The  Vin  Mariani  is  the  remedy  par  excellence  for  ennui. 


__  54  — 

At  the  same  time  it  produces  a  fortifying  action  on  the 
cerebral  center  and  gives  rise  to  a  decided  sensation  of 
well-being." 

Dr.  Morell  Mackenzie,  London,  advises  the  Vin  Mariani 
as  a  stimulant  and  tonic,  and  uses  it  especially  with  speak- 
ers and  singers. 

19  Harley  Street, 
Cavendish  Square,  W.,  London. 

Gentlemen  : — I  have  much  pleasure  in  stating  that  I 
have  used  the  Vin  Mariani  for  many  years,  and  consider  it 
a  valuable  stimulant,  particularly  serviceable  in  the  cases 
of  vocalists. 

Yours  faithfully, 

Morell  Mackenzie,  M.  D. 

Professor  Sajous,  of  Philadelphia,  who  has  experimented 
with  Vin  Mariani  in  troubles  of  the  vocal  organs,  has 
obtained  excellent  results  from  its  use,  and  he  advises 
it,  not  only  as  a  restorative  of  the  voice,  but  as  a  general 
tonic. 

Dr.  Libermann,  Surgeon-in-Chief,  French  Army,  commu- 
nicates his  experience,  as  follows : 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  of  the  results  which  I 
have  obtained  in  my  long  career  of  military  practice  from 
the  use  of  Vin  Mariani. 

"  I  have  used  it  with  great  success  for  profound  anaemia 
resulting  from  long  and  tedious  campaigns  in  hot  countries, 
and  accompanied,  as  is  nearly  always  the  case,  by  gastro- 
intestinal irritation  with  loss  of  appetite  and  dyspepsia. 
Two  or  three  Bordeaux-glasses  of  Vin  Mariani  daily,  re- 
moved that  condition  quite  rapidly,  by  restoring  the  appetite 
and  the  tolerance  of  the  stomach  for  a  tonic  aliment. 

"  I  have  also  employed  it  in  cases,  happily  rare  in  our 
army,  of  chronic  alcoholism  resulting  from  the  abuse  of 
brandy,  absinthe  or  strong  liquors.  The  Vin  Mariani  pro- 
duced all  the  excitement  sought  by  drinkers,  but  had  at 


—  55  — 

the  same  time  a  sedative  influence  on  their  nervous  sys- 
tems. I  have  frequently  seen  hardened  drinkers  renounce 
their  fatal  habit  and  return  to  a  healthy  condition. 

"  I  have  also  used  Vin  Mariani  to  save  smokers  of  ex- 
aggerated habits,  from  nicotinism.  A  few  glasses  of  Vin 
Mariani  taken  in  small  doses,  either  pure  or  mixed  with 
water,  acted  as  a  substitute  for  pipes  and  cigars,  because 
the  smokers  found  in  it  the  cerebral  excitement  which 
they  sought  in  tobacco,  wholly  preserving  their  intellectual 
faculties. 

"I  have  also  employed  it  with  success  for  chronic  bron- 
chitis and  pulmonary  phthisis.  Vin  Mariani  increases  the 
appetite  and  diminishes  the  cough  in  these  two  morbid 
states. 

"  To  combat  the  cough  I  give  it  mixed  with  water  in  the 
form  of  tisane,  a  Bordeaux-glass  of  Coca  wine  in  a  glass  of 
water. 

"  Besides  I  have  used  it  to  the  greatest  advantage  in 
-convalescence  from  typhoid  fever,  when  no  wine,  not  even 
Bordeaux,  was  retained  by  the  stomach  on  account  of  gas- 
tric irritation  which  is  the  rule  after  fevers  of  this  nature. 

"  Although  I  have  confined  myself  to  giving  but  a  rapid 
glance  at  the  results  that  I  have  obtained,  I  have  the  sta- 
tistics, which  I  keep  in  reserve  should  they  be  needed. 

"  I  can  certify  that  Vin  Mariani  is  the  most  powerful 
weapon  that  can  be  put  in  the  hands  of  military  physicians 
to  combat  the  diseases,  the  infirmities,  and  even  the  vicious 
habits  engendered  by  camp  life  and  the  servitude  of  mili- 
tary existence." 

Dr.  Villeneuve,  among  other  cases  of  morphinomania 
conquered  by  the  combined  use  of  the  pate  and  the  Vin 
Mariani,  communicated  to  us  in  1884  the  following  obser- 
vation : 

"  M.  X ,  barrister,  32  years  of  age,  five  years  ago 

began  to  use  morphine  preparations  as  a  remedy  against  a 
very  alarming  chronic  bronchitis  and  granulations  in  the 


—  56  — 

throat,  which  were  irritated  constantly  by  cigarette  smok- 
ing. 

"  The  patient  at  first  only  used  morphine,  but  his  phy- 
sicians committed  the  imprudence  of  treating  him  by 
hypodermic  injection.  A  notable  change  for  the  better 
was  produced  during  the  first  month,  but,  unfortunately, 
abuse  succeeded  promptly  the  use  of  the  medicament — 
so  much  so  that  when  I  commenced  to  treat  the  patient,  he 
was  taking  daily  from  1  gramme  50  centigrammes  to  1 
gramme  80  centigrammes  of  morphine  hypodermically. 
When  he  was  four  hours  without  his  dose  there  appeared 
insomnia,  hallucinations  and  delirium;  constipation  last- 
ing sometimes  for  fifteen  days,  which  brought  on  in  the 
spring  a  very  alarming  perityphlitis,  jerking  of  the  mus- 
cles, sudden  frights,  dyspepsia,  and  at  last  frightful  con- 
gestion of  the  face  whenever  he  drank  a  drop  of  wine  or 
brandy. 

"  After  a  month's  treatment  I  had  succeeded  in  reducing 
the  daily  doses  without  causing  alarming  symptoms ;  the 
physiological  functions  seemed  to  awaken  again.  How- 
ever, the  congestion  and  especially  the  dyspepsia  was  very 
grave,  and  the  cough  which  had  been  suppressed  by  mor- 
phine returned.  It  was  then  that  I  treated  my  patient 
with  phosphate  of  lime,  the  pate  and  the  Vin  Mariani. 
Lacking  his  habitual  stimulant,  he  was  plunged  in  a  semi- 
coma from  which  he  could  not  always  be  relieved  with 
weaker  daily  doses  of  morphine. 

"  The  danger  I  feared  most  was  a  relapse  of  bronchitis, 
and  that  the  cough  and  expectoration  might  end  fatally. 
But  in  about  a  week,  during  which  he  took  ten  doses  of 
Pate  de  Coca  daily,  the  cough  became  less  fatiguing  and  dis- 
appeared entirely  in  about  twenty  days.  The  patient  then 
commenced  to  take  small  doses  of  Vin  Mariani  (two  Madeira- 
glasses  a  day).  At  first  congestion  appeared,  but  little  by 
little,  as  digestion  became  more  easy,  my  patient,  who  on 
account  of  his  profound  anaemia  could  not  tolerate  any 


—  57  — 

table  wines,  took  at  first  a  small  glass,  then  two,  then  three 
glasses  at  a  meal.  Now  he  can  go  and  take  his  dinner  in 
town,  which  he  had  not  been  able  to  do  for  three  years ;  he 
regained  his  former  vigor,  is  able  to  undertake  anew  his 
occupations,  and  has  entirely  given  up  his  morphine  habit." 

We  will  conclude  our  quotations,  already  too  numerous, 
with  an  article  by  Dr.  Scaglia,  published  in  1877  in  the 
Gazette  des  Hopitanx :  "La  Coca  et  ses  proprietes  thera- 
peutiques." 

"  In  anaemia,  connected  with  chronic  pulmonary  affec- 
tions without  fever,  and  in  anaemia  accompanied  by  gas- 
tralgia,  Vin  Mariani  has  an  excellent  effect.  Its  stimulat- 
ing properties  can  also  be  admirably  made  use  of  in  those 
intermediate  states  of  impaired  health  which  are  not  yet 
anaemia,  but  must  in  the  end  become  so  ;  physical  or  mental 
overwork,  the  cerebral  weakness  due  to  excess  of  work  or 
pleasure ;  the  exhaustion  from  which  the  inhabitants  of 
large  cities  suffer  through  irregularities  of  diet  and  imper- 
fect hygiene  owing  to  their  positions  and  surroundings. 

"  The  moderate  use  of  Vin  Mariani  is  unquestionably  of 
benefit  to  people  of  sedentary  habits  worn  out  by  work,  to 
convalescents  who,  from  a  prolonged  confinement  in  bed 
have  lost  muscular  strength,  to  patients  suffering  from 
diabetes  or  Bright's  disease,  whose  muscles  have  lost  their 
elasticity  and  vigor. 

"  Let  us  add  that  the  taste  of  Vin  Mariani  is  exquisite,  that 
it  is  in  no  way  suggestive  of  drugs,  and  that  its  use  is 
acceptable  to  the  most  fastidious." 

Ordinary  Dose — Two  or  three  claret-glassfuls  daily,  half 
an  hour  before  or  immediately  after  eating. 

Coca  Grog. — By  mixing  a  wineglassful  of  Vin  Mariani 
with  half  a  glassful  of  boiling  water,  sweetened  to  the  taste, 
we  get  a  grog  of  exquisite  flavor,  and  capable  of  rendering 
the  greatest  services  whenever  an  immediate  effect  is  de- 
sired in  severe  cases  of  cold,  attended  by  convulsive 
coughing.     (As  prescribed  by  Dr.  Libermann.) 


—  58  — 
ELIXIR  MARIANI. 


The  Elixir  Mariani  is  more  alcoholic,  very  agreeable 
io  the  taste,  and  three  times  as  highly  charged  with 
the  active  principles  of  the  Peruvian  leaf  as  the  '  Vin 
Mariani;  therefore  it  should  be  taken  in  doses  of  a 
liqueur-glassful,  in  the  morning  upon  rising,  and  after 
the  two  principal  meals. 

It  may  be  used  clear  or  mixed  with  water,  in  nearly  all 
cases  where  the  Vin  Mariani  is  used.  Its  tonic  and  emi- 
nently digestive  properties  and  its  special  aroma,  at  once 
mild  and  penetrating,  make  it  an  agreeable  liqueur,  very 
much  esteemed  by  gourmets  and  persons  who  are  careful 
about  their  health. 

A  small  glass  of  the  Elixir  Mariani  taken  after  a  meal, 
spreads  a  gentle  warmth  through  the  stomach  and  calls 
forth  an  abundant  secretion  of  gastric  juice,  which  mixes 
with  the  food  and  facilitates  digestion. 

For  travelers,  hunters,  and  in  general  all  who  walk 
much  and  who  are  exposed  to  fatigue,  to  dampness, 
and  to  fog,  the  use  of  the  Elixir  Mariani  may  be  recom- 
mended and  will  render  admirable  service,  because  of 
the  tone  and  strength  that  it  gives  to  the  stomach  and 
to  the  muscles. 

Dr.  Collins,  Rtfvue  de  Thdrapentique,  observes  that  this 
liqueur  acts  "  heroically"  in  anaemia,  chlorosis  and  rickets. 

Dr.  Ch.  Fauvel,  Dr.  Conqueret,  Dr.  Villeneuve,  Dr.  Cha- 
pusot,  Dr.  Odin,  Dr.  Cintrat  and  others  declare  as  the  result 
of  their  clinical  observations  that  the  Elixir  Mariani  exerts 
a  "masterly  action"  in  granular  pharyngitis,  quinsy,  and 
albuminuria,  and  that  its  stimulating  properties  on  the 
whole  nervous  system  cannot  be  denied. 

Dr.  J.  Leonard  Corning,  of  New  York,  recommends  the 
Elixir  Mariani  as  a  strengthener  of  the  brain. 

"As   a   remedy  in  seasickness,   the   Elixir  Mariani  has 


—  59  — 

always  given  excellent  results." — Dr.  Blant,  Dr.  Letellier, 
Dr.  Trossat,  Dr.  Derrecagaix. 

The  Elixir  Mariani  is  generally  prescribed  in  doses  of  a 
liqueur-glassful  after  the  principal  meals.  Mixed  with  cold 
water,  in  the  proportion  of  two  liqueur-glassfuls  to  a  tum- 
bler of  water,  it  constitutes  a  very  strengthening  and  pleas- 
ant drink. 


PATE  MARIANI  (LOZENGES  OF  COCA). 


Tonic  and  pectoral,  Pate  Mariani  is  a  Lozenge  very 
agreeable  to  the  taste,  which  is  prescribed  daily  with  the 
greatest  success  by  throat  specialists  for  obstinate  coughs, 
granular  catarrh  of  the  throat,  and  the  various  inflamma- 
tions of  the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages.  Composed 
only  of  clarified  gum,  sugar  and  Coca,  without  a  trace  of 
opium  or  of  any  narcotic  substances,  it  may  be  taken  with- 
out danger  at  any  hour  of  the  day  and  in  any  quantity, 
without  fear  of  its  disturbing  the  digestion,  since,  on  the 
contrary,  it  can  only  aid  it.  From  six  to  ten  of  the  Loz- 
enges daily  are  the  usual  dose,  but  more  may  be  taken  if 
necessary. 

Its  beneficial  action  is  due  to  the  happy  combination  of 
the  emolient  properties  of  pure  gum-arabic  and  the  tonic, 
astringent  and  analgesic  properties  of  Coca. 

"  Pate  Mariani  has  a  powerful  tonic  action  on  the  larynx, 
and,  like  Vin  Mariani,  it  is  invaluable  in  cases  of  aphonia 
caused  by  feebleness  or  relaxation  of  the  vocal  cords.  This 
property  is  of  special  advantage  to  singers  and  orators.  Pate 
Mariani  is  a  very  valuable  substitute  in  granular  catarrh  of 
the  throat  and  throat  affections  in  general,  for  chlorate  of 
potassium  pastilles  and  the  various  lozenges  containing 
opium,  etc.,  the  Pdte  Mariani  is  more  agreeable  to  the  taste 
and  produces  anaesthetic  and  soothing  effects."  {Gazette  des 
Hopitaux.) 


—  60  — 
PASTILLES  MARIANI  (COCA  AND  COCAINE). 


The  Pastilles  Mariani  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
Pdte,  from  which  they  differ  only  by  the  addition  of  two 
milligrammes  of  Cocaine  hydrochlorate  to  each  pastille.' 

Their  action  is  much  more  intense  and  more  rapid  than 
that  of  the  Coca  paste. 

The  paroxysms  of  cough  which  are  so  frequent  and  so 
annoying  to  those  who  smoke  tobacco  to  excess,  are  over- 
come as  if  by  enchantment  by  the  use  of  a  few  pastilles. 

Dose — Four  to  eight  daily.  This  amount,  however,  may 
be  exceeded,  at  the  discretion  of  the  physicians. 


THE    MARIANI,    OR   CONCENTRATED   EXTRACT 
OF  COCA  (TEA  MARIANI). 


As  its  name  indicates,  Mariani's  concentrated  extract  of 
Coca,  or  77;/  Mariani,  contains  within  a  small  bulk  all  the 
active  principles  of  the  Coca  leaf.  This  extract,  prepared 
in  special  apparatuses  which  prevent  all  alteration  and  pre- 
serve all  its  properties  and  all  its  aroma,  answers  entirely 
in  the  various  modes  of  using  Coca  and  constitutes  a  most 
scrupulously  exact  preparation  in  dose,  the  most  conven- 
ient and  the  most  active  that  could  be  desired. 

The1  Mariani  is  capable  of  indefinite  preservation  and  easy 
of  transportation  ;  it  renders  great  service  to  persons  who 
make,  mountain  ascensions,  fatiguing  marches,  or  long 
journeys  through  unhealthy  countries,  and  in  fact  in  what- 
ever may  be  called  fatiguing  work  or  pleasure. 

77//  Mariani  may  be  taken  in  the  dose  of  from  three  to 
six  teaspoonfuls  in  the  course  of  the  day,  clear,  or  mixed 
with  brandy,  wine,  water  or  milk,  etc.,  hot  or  cold,  in 
the  latter  cases  sweetened  to  taste,  if  desired. 


—  61  — 

Coca  Tea  or  Infusion.  —  A  teaspoonful  of  the  77// 
Mariani,  added  to  a  cup  of  hot  water,  sweetened  to  the 
taste,  with  or  without  the  addition  of  cream  or  milk,  makes 
a  very  agreeable  drink,  more  digestive,  more  tonic,  and 
less  exciting  than  coffee  or  tea,  while  possessing  in  a 
higher  degree  the  tonic  and  stimulating  properties  of 
those  two  substances. 

It  is  in  this  form  that  Coca  is  especially  used  in  Peru  and 
Bolivia,  where  it  is  preferred  to  the  Chinese  tea. 

Persons  who  drink  Chinese  tea  at  meals  may  advan- 
tageously substitute  the  77//  Mariani  for  it. 

For  patients  who  cannot  generally  take  milk,  it  is  ad- 
visable to  add  77//  Mariani.  Excellent  results  will  be 
obtained. 

Coca  Gargles  and  Sprays. — Independently  of  its  tonic 
and  reconstituent  action,  Coca  possesses  anaesthetic  and 
soothing  properties  that  have  been  observed  and  made  use 
of  in  practice  by  laryngologists  in  the  form  of  a  spray,  in 
the  proportion  of  a  teaspoonful  of  77//  Mariani  to  half  a 
glassful  of  warm  water. 

An  ambulance  physician  of  Tonkin,  who  has  experi- 
mented with  77//  Mariani,  sends  the  following  note  : 

"  77//  Mariani  has  rendered  us  real  service  during  expe- 
ditions as  well  as  in  hospital  practice ;  on  the  march  it 
makes  with  boiled  water,  with  or  without  the  addition  of 
sugar,  a  very  agreeable,  tonic  and  stimulating  drink  ;  a 
veritable  reserve  food,  it  takes  the  place  of  alcoholic  drinks 
and  insufficiency  of  food,  and  aids  the  men  in  bearing  the 
most  distressing  fatigue.  The  water  of  swamps,  rivers  or 
ditches,  mixed  with  a  few  spoonfuls  of  77// Mariani,  could 
be  drank  without  any  inconvenience,  and  assuaged  thirst. 

"  77//  Mariani  stimulates  the  appetite,  overcomes  atony 
of  the  digestive  organs,  and  prevents  and  combats  diarrhoea 
efficiently. 

"  Mixed  in  small  quantity  with  fresh  or  condensed 
milk,  it  gives  it  an  agreeable   taste  and  causes  it  to  be 


—  62  — 

borne  by  the  most  delicate  stomachs ;  hence  it  becomes  a 
valuable  adjuvant  in  the  treatment  of  the  endemic  dysen- 
teries and  diarrhoeas  of  tropical  countries. 

"  Finally,  its  exclusive  use,  even  its  excessive  use  for 
several  days,  has  not  seemed  to  us  to  exert  any  injuri- 
ous influence  on  the  system,  as  the  abuse  of  coffee  or  of 
alcoholic  drinks  had  certainly  done  under  like  circum- 
stances." 

Dr.  Fordyce  Barker,  Dr.  J.  H.  Douglas,  Dr.  Henry  B. 
Sands  and  Dr.  Geo.  F.  Shrady  have  authorized  us  to  make 
known  that  it  was  due  to  Tki  Mariani,  added  to  milk 
(in  the  proportion  of  a  teaspoonful  of  the  Thd  to  a  cup  of 
milk),  that  they  were  able  to  nourish  Gen.  Grant,  the  ex- 
President,  when  he  was  unable  to  support  any  other  food. 
By  this  means  they  succeeded  in  prolonging-  the  life  of 
their  illustrious  patient  for  several  months. 

Coca  taken  in  infusion  gave  excellent  results  to  Tschudy 
while  he  was  sojourning  in  the  valley  of  the  Puna,  the 
highest  in  Bolivia,  which  has  given  its  name  to  the  disease 
of  mountain  sickness,  known  in  Peru  by  the  name  Mai  de 
Pima,  also  designated  by  the  words  sorrochc,  vet  a  and  marco  ; 
this  last  term  shows  clearly  enough  the  analogy  which 
exists  between  sea-sickness  and  the  influence  of  great  alti- 
tudes on  the  human  body.  Experience  has  proved  the 
usefulness  of  Coca  against  dyspnoea  and  vomiting,  so  that 
the  Indians  who  make  .ascensions  always  carry  a  stock  of 
Coca  with  them.  Dr.  Tschudy  found  himself  comfortable 
by  the  use  of  it  while  hunting  in  those  valleys,  at  a  height 
of  ten  to  twelve  thousand  feet  above  the  sea. 

Dr.  Salemi,  of  Nice,  gives  an  account  of  a  case  of  epi- 
lepsy in  a  woman,  38  years  of  age,  cured  by  the  daily  and 
prolonged  use  of  Th<?  Mariani,  given  in  increasing  doses 
(ten  drops  daily  at  first  and  eighty  drops  daily  at  the  end 
of  a  month).     This  case  is  not  an  isolated  one. 


—  63  — 
NEW   REMEDIES." 


Thus  concludes  this  interesting  article  by  Dr.  Henry 
Schweig : 

"When,  two  years  ago,  attention  was  called  by  Roller  to 
the  anaesthetizing  power  of  a  solution  of  Cocaine  when  ap- 
plied to  mucous  surfaces,  fresh  interest  was  created  in  the 
plant  from  which  the  alkaloid  is  derived.  I  do  not  desire 
to  encroach  on  my  limited  space  by  detailing  the  various 
experiences  of  observers  who,  from  time,  to  time,  studied 
the  effects  of  the  administration  of  Coca  leaves  or  their 
extract.  Suffice  it  to  say  that,  while  some  authors  extol  the 
virtues  of  the  plant,  others  fail  to  find  anything  in  its 
action  which  would  justify  them  in  according  it  a  place 
among  our  remedial  agents. 

"  Here,  again,  the  same  objection  already  mentioned — 
viz.,  the  improper  preparation  of  the  substance  employed, 
as  well  as  an  inferior  quality  of  the  crude  drug  (the  leaves 
in  this  case) — serves  as  an  explanation  of  the  difference  in 
results  obtained. 

"  In  a  series  of  experiments  conducted  by  me  (in  private 
as  well  as  dispensary  practice),  looking  to  a  clearer  under- 
standing of  the  value  of  Coca  in  laryngeal  complications, 
(1)  I  have  arrived  at  conclusions  which  justify  me  in  saying 
that  not  alone  is  Coca  a  valuable  addition  to  our  therapeutic 
armamentarium,  but  a  drug  which  can  be  almost  absolutely 
relied  upon  to  exert  its  specific  action  in  certain  disorders 
of  the  upper  respiratory  tract. 

"  In  that  distressing  condition  in  which  the  tensors  of 
the  vocal  band  are  at  fault,  when  there  is  phonatory  leakage 
and  an  impairment  of  ability  to  produce  the  higher  tones, 
Coca  can  be  relied  upon  to  give  prompt  relief,  if  not  per- 

(i)  My  attention  was  first  called  to  Coca  as  applied  to  laryngeal  diseases  by 
the  late  Dr.  Louis  Elsberg,  as  well  as  by  the  writings  of  Charles  Fauvel  and 
Morell  Mackenzie. 


—  64  — 

manently,  at  least  temporarily.  It  is  understood,  of  course, 
that  I  here  refer  only  to  those  cases  in  which  there  is  want 
of  '  nervous  force,'  and  not  where  there  is  paresis  due  to 
organic  changes. 

"  Vocalists  and  public  speakers  frequently  complain  of 
the  distressing  sequelae  of  follicular  pharyngitis  which 
manifest  themselves  when  the  voice  is  inordinately  ex- 
erted. The  irritation  of  the  throat  in  these  cases  is 
sometimes  quite  marked.  The  enlarged  follicles,  as  also 
the  large  patches  where  tke  follicles  have  coalesced,  be- 
come turgid  and  deeply  red,  the  tendency  to  cough  is 
increased,  and  the  voice,  which  may  have  been  previ- 
ously clear,  becomes  veiled  and  thin.  There  is  a  feeling 
of  constriction  present,  painful  as  well  as  alarming  to 
the  patient.  Coca  in  these  cases,  when  exhibited  in  its 
proper  form,  is  prompt  in  its  effects,  and  can  be  ad- 
ministered in  suitable  quantities  for  many  months,  or 
even  years,  without  producing  any  of  those  objectionable 
symptoms  attributed  to  it. 

"  Dyspnoea  due  to  laryngeal  reflexes  is  often  relieved  by 
Coca,  the  first  dose  being  a  full  one,  and  small  doses  follow- 
ing at  short  intervals  to  sustain  the  effect  produced  in  the 
first  instance. 

"I  have  frequently  observed  that  a  sustained  effort  in 
the  matter  of  singing,  lecturing,  etc.,  will  produce  a  con- 
dition of  '  fatigue '  of  the  voice,  in  which  there  is  no 
appreciable  change  in  the  appearance  of  the  vocal  ap- 
paratus, but  which,  nevertheless,  interferes  in  a  marked 
degree  with  the  proper  use  of  the  voice.  Whether  this 
state  is  due  to  over-exertion  of  the  laryngeal  or  pharyn- 
geal muscles,  or  whether  irritation  of  the  terminal  nerve 
filaments  of  the  upper  air  passages  stands  in  causative 
relation  thereto,  be  this  as  it  may,  Coca  stands  pre-emi- 
nently forth  as  the  only  remedy  which  in  my  hands  has 
given  relief.  True,  I  have  many  failures  to  record,  but 
can  trace  them  directly  to  either  the  manner  of  exhibit- 


—  65  — 

ing  the  remedy  or  its  inferior  quality.  (1)  If  the  effect 
desired  is  a  prompt  one,  a  decided  impression  should  be 
made  by  the  first  dose,  and  this,  as  stated  above,  can  be 
sustained  by  smaller  doses  frequently  repeated. 

"  The  vagaries  and  wild  delusions  of  writers  (non-pro- 
fessional, of  course)  for  the  daily  press  have  done  much  to 
poison  the  popular  mind  regarding  Coca,  and  this  often 
proves  a  serious  drawback  to  the  physician.  The  few 
cases  in  which  '  Cocaine '  has  been  abused  have  served  as 
a  basis  for  launching  forth  a  wild  and  wholesale  condem- 
nation of  a  valuable  drug.  Not  one  instance  has  come 
to  my  knowledge  in  which  any  preparation  of  Coca, 
intelligently  employed,  except  the  alkaloid,  has  produced 
even  the  faintest  toxic  symptoms.  As  well  discard  mor- 
phia, chloral,  cannabis  indica,  and  the  bromides,  for  the 
reason  that  they  count  the  victims  to  their  abuse  by 
the  thousands  every  year.  All  potent  medicinal  agents 
are  placed  in  our  hands  to  be  intelligently  and  temper- 
ately employed,  not  to  excess,  and  the  medical  man  who 
would  hesitate  to  call  to  his  aid  a  medicinal  agent  for 
no  other  reason  than  that  it  is  abused,  should  be,  in  my 
estimation,  classed  with  that  horde  of  fanatics  who  would 
interdict  the  use  of  alcoholics  on  the  ground  of  their 
abuse  by  a  small  minority  of  the  population." — New  York 
Medical  Monthly,  October,  1886. 


IMPORTANT   CAUTION. 


Owing  to  the  success  obtained  by  our  preparations  of 
Coca  for  many  years,  imitators  and  counterfeiters  have 
dared  to  apply  to  their  own  valueless  productions  the  ob- 

(i)The  only  preparations  which  have  given  me  uniformly  good  results  are 
those  of  Mons.  Mariani,  of  Paris. 


—  66  — 

servations  made  with  our  special  products.  These  occur- 
rences, often  repeated,  have  given  rise  to  protests  from 
many  physicians,  among-  others  Dr.  W.  Oliver  Moore,  Sir 
Morell  Mackenzie,  Dr.  Ch.  Fauvel. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  New  York  Medical  Journal : 

Sir  :  In  your  issue  of  January  3, 1885,  pagel9,  in  a  report 
of  a  paper  read  before  the  New  York  Medical  Society,  on 
"  The  Physiological  and  Therapeutical  Effects  of  the  Coca 
Leaf  and  its  Alkaloid,"  occurs  the  following :  "  For  over 
twenty  years  Dr.  Fauvel  has  used  it,  both  internally  in  the 
form  of  Vin  Mariani,  and  also  by  local  applications  to  the 
pharynx  and  larynx  in  spray  or  by  brush,  in  the  form  of  a 
fluid  extract,  or,  more  recently,  of  a  concentrated  non- 
alcoholic preparation  more  of  the  nature  of  a  cordial  (pre- 
pared by  Mariani  &  Co.)." 

Several  manufacturers  of  Coca  preparations  have  taken 
occasion  to  quote  from  this  paper,  each  in  turn  substituting 
the  name  of  his  own  production  instead  of  the  one  men- 
tioned in  the  original. 

As  the  preparations  of  Coca  mentioned  in  my  paper  were 
personally  tested  and  found  to  be  the  best  of  a  large  num- 
ber experimented  with,  I  wish  to  call  attention  to  these 
misquotations  and  substitutions. 

Very  truly, 

W.  Oliver  Moore,  M.D. 


*#*  We  have  taken  the  trouble  to  compare  the  report  of 
Dr.  Moore's  remarks  with  the  little  book  on  Coca  prepared 
by  M.  Mariani,  and  with  the  circulars  issued  by  a  number 
of  manufacturers  of  Coca  preparations ;  and  we  certainly 
think  that  some  of  these  manufacturers  have  taken  an  un- 
warrantable liberty  in  appropriating  work  that  evidently 
cost  M.  Mariani  a  good  deal  of  time  and  no  little  outlay  of 
money. — Editor. 


—  67  — 

New  York  Medical  Journal,  October  24,  1885. 

"  In  another  column  we  publish  a  letter  from  Dr.  W. 
Oliver  Moore,  calling  attention  to  an  injustice  that  certain 
competing;  pharmacists  have  practiced  toward  Messrs. 
Mariani  &  Co.,  in  •  pirating '  published  records  of  the  suc- 
cessful use  of  the  Mariani  preparations  of  Coca,  and  at  the 
same  time  craftily  making  these  records  appear  to  apply  to 
their  own  preparations.  It  is  very  much  to  be  regretted 
that  a  house  that  has  been  so  punctilious  in  avoiding  even 
the  semblance  of  any  offense  against  the  courtesy  of  trade 
should  have  been  treated  in  this  shabby  way  by  some  rival 
manufacturers." 


31  Rue  Gu£ni?gaud,  Paris,  Dec.  8,  1887. 
To  the  Editor  of  the  New  York  Medical  Journal  : 

Sir — Will  you  kindly  have  it  announced  in  your  jour- 
nal, in  justice  to  myself  before  the  medical  profession, 
that  the  various  notices  appearing  in  journals  and  cir- 
culars quoting  my  name  in  connection  with  Coca  are 
entirely  false  and  in  every  respect  a  prevarication  ?  The 
only  preparation  of  Coca  employed  by  me  vvith  un- 
doubted and  uniform  success  has  been  the  so-well-known 
Vin  Mariani,  which,  since  1865,  I  have  had  occasion  to 
prescribe  daily  in  my  clinique,  as  well  as  in  private  prac- 
tice. My  opinion  of  this  valuable  medicament  has,  dur- 
ing many  years,  been  frequently  made  known  for  the 
benefit  of  the  profession  in  various  writings,  and  it  is 
but  just  to  this  worthy  preparation  that  it  receive  all 
the  honor  due  it.  I  thank  you  for  compliance  with  my 
request. 

Ch.  Fauvel. 


—  68  — 

A  gracious  compliment  has  been  paid  M.  Mariani  for 
the  high  standard  and  excellence  of  his  preparations, 
not  only  by  the  numerous  honorable  mentions  and  in- 
dorsements by  the  prominent  members  of  the  medical 
profession  and  those  who  have  had  occasion  to  use  his 
Coca  preparations,  but  latterly  through  the  following 
awards : 

Gold  Medal  and  Silver  Medal  from  the  Academie  Na- 
tionale  de  France ;  Gold  Medal  and  a  Grand  Diploma  of 
Honor  from  the  Wine  Exhibit  of  Bordeaux,  France  ;  Gold 
Medal  and  a  Diploma  of  Honor  at  the  Hygienic  Exhibit 
at  Amsterdam,  Holland,  and  a  Gold  Medal  and  Diploma 
at  Leamington,  England,  the  jury  surnaming  his  Vin 
Mariani,  "Wine  for  Athletes." 

We  request  those  physicians,  who  kindly  place  confi- 
dence in  our  preparations,  to  prescribe  them  under  the  name 
of  Mariani,  and  to  insist  that  their  prescriptions  be  scrupu- 
lously executed. 


1ST  of  Physicians  who  have  been  good  enough 
to  formally  endorse  "VIN  MARIANI,"  their  ex- 
perience in  prescribing  in  hospital  and  private 
practice  having  caused  them  to  believe  the 
preparation  valuable  and  reliable.  To  these 
named  gentlemen  we  hereby  tender  our  most  sincere 
thanks  for  the  aid  given  in  further  popularizing  this 
standard  medicament  among  the  Medical  Profession, 
through  whom  exclusively  it  has  been  introduced. 


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70  — 


Breck,  Theo.  F., 
Bell,  \V.  A., 
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Brug,  G.  A., 
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Baker,  Washington  II., 
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Barton,  Isaac, 
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Bass,  G.  W., 
Bates,  Geo.  T., 
Beaumont,  J.  F., 
Beard,  R.  O., 
Brackett,  A.  R., 
Burton,  Frank, 
Bell,  J.  W., 
Boardman,  C.  H., 
Burdett,  H.  E., 
Beckh,  G.  C, 
Boericke,  Wm., 
Bucknall,  Geo.  J., 
Burgess,  O.  O., 
Bradway,  J.  R., 
Buckel,  C.  A., 
Burnham,  F.  R., 


Babcock,  W.  I)., 
Blickensderfer,  J.  C 
Buchtel,  W.  H., 
Burnham,  N.  G., 
Breysacher,  A.  B., 
Bower,  A.  S., 
Bryant,  D.  0., 
Birkins,  Ernest  R., 
Boyd,  R.  F., 
Ball,  B., 
Barr6, 
Barth, 
Basset,  L., 
Battesti, 
Baraduc, 
Barety, 
Baudon, 
Badal, 
Balestre, 
Baratoux, 
Beclard, 
Beder,  Hy., 
Bert,  Paul, 
Bernard,  CI., 
Besnier, 
Betances, 
Beugnies-Corbeau, 
Berrut, 
Bertheraud, 
Berne, 
Berthier, 
Belloc,  , 

Benoit, 
Bissieu, 
Blache, 
Blanche, 
Bloch,  Ad., 
Blondlot, 
Blanc, 

Bochefontaine, 
Bordereau, 
Bottentuit, 
Bouchardat, 
Boucomonc, 
Bouchut, 
Bouloumie, 
Bouvyer,  G. 
Bourdon, 
Bourquet, 
Bonnal, 
Bourgade, 
Bories, 
Botkin-Serge, 
Brown-Sequard, 
,  Bremoud, 
Brachet, 
Brandt, 
Buttura, 

Browne,  Lennox, 
Caille,  Augustus, 
Cammann,  D.  M., 
Campbell,  Robert, 
Cannon,  Mott  D., 
Cardner,  I.  G., 
Carman,  A.  R., 
Carmon,  F.  W., 
Carnochan,  J.  M., 
Carradine,  J.  S., 
Carreau,  J<>s.  S., 
Carter,  DeLancey, 
Cauldwell,  Chas.  M., 
Chadbourne,  E.  R., 
Chaim,  M.  L., 
Chambers,  P.  F., 
Chapman,  R.  F., 
Chauveau,  Jean  F., 


Claiborne.  J. Hrbt.,  Jr., 
Clason,  S.  W., 
Clift,  G.  D., 
Cocks,  David  C, 
Cocks,  Edmund  L., 
Cocks,  G.  H  , 
Conrad,  H.  B., 
Conway,  Jno.,  Jr., 
Cook,  Daniel, 
Cooke,  Baldwin  G., 
Cooper,  Henry  C, 
Corning,  J.  Leonard. 
Cramer,  Charles  C, 
Crandall,  F.  M., 
Crane,  Jos.  Sidney, 
Culver.  E.  M., 
Cummings,  R.  B., 
Curtis,  H.  Holbrook, 
Cutter,  Ephraim, 
Cross,  T.  M.  B., 
Clements,  Geo.  Place, 
Carey,  J.  M., 
Conn,  Louis, 
Cutler,  ConditW., 
Cramner,  Charles  C, 
Cable,  J.  C, 
Caemmerer,  Wm.  H., 
Candidus,  P., 
Carter,  N.  M., 
Catlin,  A.  W., 
Church,  Stuart, 
Conkling,  John  T., 
Conway,  John  J., 
Cooper,  John, 
Coverly,  John  H., 
Creamer,  Jos., 
Cushing,  Geo.  W., 
Codington-Nicker- 

son,  F.  R., 
Cook,  C.  P., 
Carroll,  S.  H., 
Classen.  Fred  L., 
Cox,  Geo.  A., 
Cooper,  Jno.  L., 
Cox,  Jas.  W., 
Clark,  C.  G., 
Crandall,  E.  L., 
Clement,  C.  L., 
Cameron,  C.  McD., 
Collins,  Newton  M., 
Conklin,  W.  L., 
Connelly,  J.  F., 
Clinton,  Chas.  A.. 
Cary,  Charles, 
Clark,  Ed., 
Colt,  Geo.  F., 
Colton,  H.  E., 
Cook,  Jos.  T., 
Curtis,  J.  S., 
Crothers,  T.  D., 
Carrington,  H.  A., 
Chapman,  S.Hartwell, 
Cheney,  B.  H., 
Carleton,  E.  A., 
Chamberlain,  M.  L., 
Chandler,  H.  B., 
Clark,  A.  W., 
Clement,  G.  W., 
Cole,  R.  M., 
Culver,  J.  K., 
Cushing,  E.  W., 
Cutter,  C.  K., 
Caldwell,  Wm., 
Carr,  G.  W., 
Collins,  G.  L., 
Currier,  D.  M., 


71  — 


•Corey,  Charles, 
Campbell,  H.  S., 
Capp,  W.  M., 
Carrier,  Frederick, 
Castle  F.  D., 
Childs,  Win.  It., 
Christian,  H.M., 
Christine,  O.  Maxwell, 
Chrystie,  Walter, 
Clausen,  J.  K., 
Claxton,  C, 
Collins,  J., 
Conrad,  J.  Eeed, 
Conner,  D.  N., 
Crandall,  B.  P., 
Crowley,  T.  Stanton, 
Curtin,  R.  G., 
Cruice,  Kobt.  B., 
Crandall,  T.  V., 
Cadwallader,  D.  W., 
Chase,  Robt.  H., 
Corson,  E.  M., 
Chapman,  M.  J., 
Clark,  H.  H., 
Cooper,  J.  F., 
Cooper,  John, 
Connell,  A.  J., 
Clark,  J.  Nelson, 
Coover.  J.  H., 
Clark,  S.  V.  D., 
Clark,  J.  H., 
Cox,  H.  L., 
Chatard,  F.  E.,  Jr., 
Chew,  S.  C, 
Chisholm,  Julian  J., 
Chunn,  W.  P., 
Cook,  Theo., 
Craighill,  Jas.  M., 
Cockey,  Charles  H., 
Coffroth,  H.  J., 
Cuthbert.  M.  F., 
Chalkley,  C.  H., 
Claiborne,  J.  H., 
Chisholm,  T.  B., 
Cantrelle.  J.  A., 
Cain,  J.  S., 
Coyle,  J.  M., 
Cowling,  Jas., 
Collins,  F.  E., 
Case,  Theo.  S., 
Casseday,  Frank  F., 
Chastian,  C.  W., 
Craig,  J.  T., 
Crow,  A.  M., 
Carpenter,  A.  M., 
Carson,  N.  B., 
Chancellor,  E., 
Coles,  Walter, 
Comstock,  T.  G., 
Campbell,  Jas.  A., 
Collins,  J.  D., 
Cartledge,  A.  M., 
Cecil,  John  G., 
Cochran,  S.  L., 
Cowperthwaite,  A.  C, 
Canfleld,  C  T., 
Cary,  Frank, 
Cobb,  Jos.  P., 
Copeland,  W.  L., 
Cyrier,  C.  E., 
Clarke,  Ward  Greene, 
(.  ook,  J.  Masson. 
Casselberry,  W.  E., 
Coleman,  W.  F., 
Canfleld,  Martha, 
Carpenter,  A.  B., 


Clark,  F.  H., 

Carpenter,  G.  H., 

Chainplin,  11.  D., 

Cliamberlain,  D.  P., 

Chapman,  W.  C, 

Clark,  C.  G., 

Coleman,  N.  R., 

Caldwell,  Frank, 

Conner,  P.  8., 

Carpenter,  Julia  W., 

Clelland,  Jas.,  Jr., 

Cree,  Walter  J., 

Connell,  F.  G.  L., 

Clay,  T.  Rutherford, 

Chambers,  John, 

Comingor,  J.  A., 

Combs,  Geo.  W., 

Cunningham,  II.  S., 

Cockburn,  J.  C, 

Carman,  Wm., 

Corbett,  S.  J., 

Clacius,  C.  E., 

Cohn,  J.  E., 

Collins,  J.  W., 

Cox,  Geo.  W., 

Craig,  W.  B., 

Chase,  John, 

Collings,  S.  P., 

Chapusot, 

Cazaiis, 

Cabanellas. 

Cam  pardon, 

Cazin, 

Cazaux, 

Casenave-Delaroche, 

Calvet, 

Cabadet, 

Cette,  Dumas  de, 

Colona-Ceccaldi, 

Chabory, 

Cheron, 

Claude, 

Clement, 

Colombe, 

Commandre, 

Conneau,  H., 

Conqueret, 

Cornil, 

Cottiu, 

Coupard, 

Cozzolino,  V., 

Collin,  P., 

Companyo, 

Combalat, 

Collongues, 

Cochez, 

Coupey, 

Combal, 

Cros,  A., 

Cuffer, 

Cuneo, 

Danforth,  L.  L., 

Davis,  Albert  A., 

Dayton,  Wm.  A., 

Deane,  W.  C, 

Dearborn,  H.  M., 

Demarest,  Jno.  II,, 

Denhard,  C.  E., 

Dessar,  Leonard  A., 

Dimock,  Thos., 

Doane,  L.  G., 

Dodin.  Hy.  A.. 

Donahue,  N.  M., 

Doming,  John, 

Doty,  A.  H., 

Dougherty,  D,  S., 


Douglas.  J.  H., 
Dufloo,  Armand, 
Duggan,  Jas.  A., 
Dwindle,  W.  H., 
Durrie,  G.  B., 
Deshon,  Robt., 
De  Bowes.  Thos.  N., 
Denison,  R.  N., 
Dickinson,  R.  L., 
Doergens,  Hugo, 
Dower,  A.  J., 
Dudley,  W.  F., 
Duryee,  Geo.  W., 
Dallas,  A.  J., 
Donohue.Florence  0. 
Doyle,  Gregory, 
Darrow,  C.  E., 
Davison,  S.  W., 
Dayfoot,  Herbert  M., 
Daniels,  C.  M., 
Davidson,  A.  R., 
Dorland,  E.  T., 
Dods,  A.  Wilson, 
Daggett.  W.  G., 
Dibble,  F.  L., 
Davis,  S.  A., 
Davison,  A.  T., 
Dearborne,  R.  F., 
De  Blois.  T.  A., 
Desjardins,  G.  H., 
Doy,  W.  C, 
Draper,  F.  W., 
Durgin,  S.  H., 
Dwelly,  J., 
Dow,  W.  W., 
Davis,  G.  W., 
Dodge,  R.  L., 
Drake,  H.H., 
Dahlstroem,  Max, 
Davidson,  C.  C, 
Davidson,  David, 
Deal,  Lemuel  J., 
Donnelly,  John  F., 
Dripps,  John  H., 
Duer,  E.  L., 
Dvvight,  H.  E., 
Dunning,  Thos.  S., 
Detwiler,  B.  H., 
Davis,  A.  J., 
Dickson,  J.  S., 
Duncan,  J.  A., 
Derhamer,  W.  A., 
Derry,  W.  E., 
Dickinson,  G.  K., 
Dougherty,  A.  C, 
Donohue,  F.  M., 
Draper,  J.  A., 
Dashiell.  N.  L.. 
Dovilliers,  L.  V., 
Dunn,  J.  W., 
Dawsci.  J.  L., 
Dawson,  J.  L.,  Jr., 
De  Saussure,  P.  G., 
Daniel,  R.  P., 
Dake,  Wm.  C, 
Daniel,  J.  W., 
Dreifus.  E.. 
Dannaker,  C.  A., 
Drake,  N.  A., 
Day,  Jas.  L., 
Dixon,  Chas.  H., 
Danforth,  I.  N., 
Davis,  Jos.  J., 
Davis,  N.  S.,  Jr., 
Delamater,  N.  B., 
Dewey,  Charles  A., 


Doering,  E.  J., 
Dorland,  E.  H, 
Dand  ridge.  N.  P., 
Dawson,  W.  W., 
Durstine,  F.  H., 
Daykin.  A.  J., 
Dabney,  S.  G., 
Dembitz,  H.  C, 
Dunlap,  J.  M., 
Devendorf,  C.  A., 
Danforth,  W., 
Dunsmoor,  F.  A., 
Darling,  Jno.  B., 
Denslow,  Le  Grand  N. 
,  Donnelly,  Ignatius, 
Dake,  Charles, 
Dennis,  F.  H., 
Docking,  Thos., 
Dodge,  Wm., 
Davisson,  J.  H., 
Deardorf,  A.  G., 
Denison,  Chas., 
Derrecagaix, 
Danini, 
Danet, 
Daupley, 
Duverney, 
Debout,  d'Estrees,- 
Dehenne, 
Delbet, 
Delineau, 
De  Navenne, 
De  Pezzer, 
Garigou-Desarenes, 
Dechambre,  A., 
Dupuy, 
Dupre, 
Dupres, 
Didiot, 
Dieulafoy, 
Doleris, 
Dubois, 

Dujardin-Beaumetz, 
Edgar,  J.  Clifton, 
Edson,  Cyrus, 
Egan,  J.  M,  F., 
Elebash,  C,  P., 
Elliot,  G.  T.. 
Elliott,  G.  R., 
Eisner,  E., 
Emerson,  J.  H., 
Emmett,  B.  McEvers, 
Ellison,  S.  R., 
Elmer,  A  D  , 
Elsberg,  Louis, 
Ernst,  P.  H., 
Egan,  J.  Wm., 
Elliott,  Geo.  H., 
Eden,  Samuel, 
Edson,  Ben.i., 
Emery,  Z.  T., 
Edwards,  Thos.  J., 
Edwards,  Geo.  A., 
Edwards,  C.  C, 
Edson,  P.  O'Meara, 
Ellis,  Dean  S., 
Ely,  J.  W.  C, 
Eckfeldt,  John  W., 
Elder.  T.  H., 
Engel,  Hugo, 
Elliott.  Jas.  L., 
Enos.  J.  L  . 
Eastman  L\  M., 
Eilau,  E.  W., 
Ellis,  R.  H.  P., 
Edwards,  Landon  B 


—  72  — 


Ely,  Charles  F., 
Etheridge,  J.  II., 
Eiehberg,  Jos., 
Elder,  E.  S., 
Ewing,  W.  G., 
Ehrhardt.  J.  G., 
Endris,  Wm.  It., 
Eggers,  J.  T., 
Edwatds,  R.  T., 
Emerson,  Justin  E., 
Eidmiller.  L., 
Eckel,  J.  N., 
Eisner,  John, 
Ellis,  H.  Bert, 
Everett,  Ambrose  L., 
Fuehs,  Fred.  L., 
Feigenblatt,  Louis, 
Fenner,  J.  II., 
Fenwick,  J.  M., 
Ferdinand,  John  P., 
Fisher,  C.  S.,  Jr., 
Fishmann,  Arthur, 
Fleming,  Martin  J., 
Fleming,  Walter  M., 
Flint,  Wm.  H., 
Foster,  Frank  P., 
Fowler,  Ed.  P., 
Fowler,  Geo.  B., 
Frankel,  Ed., 
Frauenstein,  Gustav, 
Freeman,  N.  K., 
Friedenberg,  A.  H., 
Fuller,  Fraser  C, 
Fields,  W.  J., 
Foster,  M.  L., 
Fischer,  Louis, 
Fessenden,  Benj.  F., 
Fleming,  J.  W., 
Fowler,  Geo.  R., 
Fox,  Sidney  />  lien, 
Freeman,  J.  N., 
French,  Th'>s.  R., 
Fuhs,  Jacob, 
Fuller,  Frances  V.  C. 
Fuller,  Stephen  E., 
Foss,  S., 
Fowler,  Amos, 
Freeman,  S.  H., 
Finder.  Wm.,  Jr., 
Fisk,  E.  Jay, 
Fell,  Geo.  E., 
Folwell,  M.  B., 
Foster,  II.  A., 
Fernald,  C.  A., 
Follett,  J.  A., 
Fagnant,  Benj., 
Farnham,  Edwin, 
Flanders,  F.  B., 
Fiske,  Elmer  S., 
Fitch,  C.  L., 
Fales,  W.  II., 
Filler,  C.  W., 
Fleming,  G.  A., 
Fernald,  F.  C, 
Freer,  J.  A., 
Friedrich,  L.  L., 
Franzoni,  C.  W., 
Francis,  Jno.  R., 
Feldstein,  Ad., 
Fenton.  T.  H., 
Finn,  W.  H., 
Ford,  W.  H., 
Fox,  L.  Webster, 
Fulton,  T.  Chalmers, 
Frick,  W.  S., 
Fullmer,  John  J., 


Fundenberg,  W.  F., 
Freeland,  I.  B., 
Furmiss,  Jos., 
Free,  Spencer  M., 
Fagar,  (has.  B., 
Fewsmith,  Jos.,  Jr., 
Frantz,  A.  E., 
Fisher,  W.  C, 
Ferrell,  J.  R., 
Formento,  Felix, 
Fourguette,  P., 
Fischel,  W.  E., 
Funkuauser,  Robt., 
Friedman,  J., 
Fraser,  II.  D., 
Fellows,  H.  B., 
Fleming,  C.  K., 
Foster.  F.  H., 
Fuller,  Chas.  G., 
Filler,  Chas.  E., 
Fisher,  W.  F., 
Fairbairn,  A.  C, 
French,  G.  P., 
Fletcher,  W.  B., 
Frank,  Chas.  P., 
Falls,  W.  H., 
Fennel,  Otto  W., 
Forschheimer.  F., 
Fitzpatriek,  T,  V., 
Fliedner,  F., 
Fort  I  age,  H., 
Franke,  F.  C, 
Fraker  H.  C, 
Fullerton.  E.  B., 
Fisher,  Albeit  W., 
Ferrer,  Hy., 
Fiske,  Henry  M., 
Fay,  W.  W.  M., 
Fisk,  S.  A., 
Fowler,  Allen, 
Felinek, 
Fraenkel, 
Fighiera, 
Fremy, 
Fa  vale, 
Fredault, 
Fremineau, 
Farraut, 
Fauquez, 
Fauvel,  Chas., 
Gage,  Geo.  C, 
Durand-Fatdel, 
Garrison,  C.  M., 
Gaudineer.  Wm.  J., 
Gibbs  S.  E., 
Gibney  V.  P., 
Gilbert.  Jas.  B., 
Gillette  Walt,  r  R., 
Girdner  Jno.  II., 
Gleises,  John, 
Gleitsman,  Jos.  Wm., 
Goelet,  A.  H., 
Good willie,  I).  II., 
Grandin,  Egbort  II., 
Gray,  Landon  Carter, 
Greenough,  C.  II., 
Griffin,  E.  Harrison, 
Griffiths,  John  G., 
Grimm,  Albert  C, 
Grube,  C.  II., 
Guernsey,  Egbert, 
Guernsey,  Wm.  N., 
Gordon,  Bernard, 
Gardiner,  W.  F., 
Giroux,  T.  C, 
Griffin,  John, 


Gunther,  C.  E., 
Glass,  J.  H., 
Gleason,  Geo.  U., 
Gumberts,  A.  R., 
Grove,  Benj.  H., 
Goldberg,  Sigismund, 
Garceau,  A.  E., 
Goldthwaite,  S.  V., 
Gunter,  A.  B., 
Gardner.  C.  T., 
Graves,  T.  T., 
Gardener.  W., 
Gauntt,  Chas.  S., 
Garretson,  Jas.  E., 
Gerhard,  A.  S., 
Getchell,  F.  II., 
Gibson,  Wm.  J., 
Gillespie,  J.,  Jr., 
Gilbert,  I.  B., 
Girvin,  Edwin  R., 
Grayson,  C.  P., 
Green,  t*.  D., 
Grier  M.  J., 
Grove,  J.  H., 
Guth,  Edward  F., 
Gaertner,  Frederick, 
Greenawalt,  Jacob, 
Gable,  I.  C, 
Godfrey,  E.  L.  B., 
Gillin,  R.  F., 
Gray  W.  W., 
Gage,  A.  L., 
Getz,  Chas., 
Germon,  F.  W., 
Gilliss,  J.  A., 
Gorsuch,  J.  E., 
Garnett,  A.  Y.  P., 
Gardner,  F.  A., 
Graham,  N.  F., 
Goodman,  H.  M., 
Griffiths,  W.  Patton, 
Garver,  Jno.  J., 
Gardiner.  E.  J., 
Gilman,  J.  E., 
Gray,  Jno.  T.. 
Grosvenor.  L.  C, 
Griffin,  Byron  W., 
Geiser,  S.  R., 
Gores,  F.  C, 
Gillian,  D.  Tod, 
Gerould,  H., 
Geddings,J.  M.  F., 
Greene,  Frank, 
Goodrich,  E.  C, 
Gordon,  F.  E., 
Gaudet,  C.  A., 
Garcia,  Chas., 
Glancies,  J.  B., 
Glasgow,  W.  C, 
Graves,  Spencer, 
Goodman,  C.  H., 
Gregory,  E.  H., 
Griveaud,  E.  A., 
Guhman,  N., 
Graves,  S.  C, 
Griswold,  J.  B., 
Griffin,  J.  M., 
Griswold,  Chas., 
Griswold,  W.  11., 
Gross,  Geo., 
Gillingham,  C.  F., 
Garber,  J.  It., 
Gamber,  B.  F., 
Grimes,  W.  S., 
Grasset, 
Gazeau, 


Gardelte, 
Gayat, 
Galezowvki, 
Gagnon, 
Gibert, 
Giorgi, 
Gieure, 
Gelineau, 
Gley, 

Goubert,  E., 
Gouguenheim, 
Goiran, 

Gillet,  de  Grandmontr 
Godleski, 
Gratiot, 
Guirauil, 
Guillon, 
Guillebeau, 
Gubler, 
Grandvilliers, 
Gentit, 

Haase,  H.  W.  A., 
Habirshaw,  Jno., 
Hamilton,  Allen  McL., 
Hammond,Graeme  M.. 
Hanks,  H.  T., 
Hann,  Geo.  V., 
Harris,  J.  W., 
Hatrison,  Jno.  T., 
Harrison,  S.  D., 
Harwood,  Ed.  C, 
Hassloch,  Wm., 
Haupt,  Louis, 
Hays,  G.  Dalton, 
Helmuth,  Wm.  Tod, 
Henna,  J.  J., 
Henry,  Morris  H., 
Henschel,  E.  K., 
Hepburn,  N.  J., 
Herb,  Jos.  A., 
Herman,  Henry, 
Herrick,  Everett, 
Heuel,  Emil, 
Hills,  Aifred  K., 
Hitchcock,  Chas.  H.„ 
Hitchcock,  II.  M., 
Holcombe,  Wm.  F.„ 
Honegger,  O.  P., 
Hope,  Geo.  B., 
Hopkins,  J.  S., 
Howe,  Jos.  W., 
Hubbard,  D.  L., 
Hubbard,  Geo.  E.r 
Hunking,  C.  H., 
Hunt,  D.  B., 
Hunt,  Wm.  B., 
Hunter,  Jas.  B., 
Hoeber,  E.  W., 
Hoyt,  E.  F, 
Hopkins,  J.  L., 
Henning,  F.  II., 
Halleck,  H.  T., 
Harlin,  W.  Hy, 
Hendrickson,  S.t 
Hilton,  E.  L.. 
Hogan,  P.  F, 
Howe,  Jacob  F., 
Hunt,  Jos.  II.. 
Hutchinson,  \V.  M., 
Hyde,  Joel  W., 
Hasbrouck,  E., 
Homiston,  E.  W., 
Hailes,  Wm.. 
Hutchinson,  Edwin, 
Hopkins,  Ira  D., 
Hanchett,  R.  C, 


—  73  — 


Hovey,  B.  L., 
Howard,  Wm.  R., 
Harrington,  D.  W., 
Hartwig,  Marcell, 
Hawkins,  Wm.  B., 
Hayd,  H.  E., 
Heath,  W.  H, 
Hinkel,  F.  W., 
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Harper,  J.  E., 
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Hunter,  C.  H., 
Hall,  L., 
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Houpt,  C.  H., 
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Harmon,  R., 
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Hall, 
Halstead, 
Hardy, 
Helot, 
Henriett, 
Hergott, 
Holtz, 
Hughes, 
Huilet, 

Isham,  Jno.  B., 
Ives,  Frank  L., 
Irish,  L.  Barstow, 
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Iglehart,  J.  D., 
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Isham,  Ralph  N., 
Isham,  A.  B., 
Irwin,  J.  D., 
Ingram,  Julia, 
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Jackson,  D.  P., 
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Johnson,  Frank  M., 
Johnson,  Jno.  W., 
Jones,  CM., 
Jordan,  C.  A., 
Jones,  Alfred, 
Jurist,  Louis, 
Jacoby,  G.  T., 
Jack,  Wm., 
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Johnson,  J.  B., 
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Jordan,  M.  H., 
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Johnson,  H.  A., 
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Jones,  J.  D., 
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Jameson,  P.  H., 
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Jeffries,  W.  E., 
Johnson.  Jno.  B., 
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Jordan,  R.  M., 
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Kakeles,  M.  S., 
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King,  D.  F., 
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Kelly,  C.  W., 


74  — 


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Kinsman,  J).  N., 
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Kissin,  Elias, 
Knox,  S.  B.  P., 
Kimball,  J.  II., 
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Lang,  Chas.  I.., 
Lay,  Jas.  C, 
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Lee,  Chas.  Carroll, 
Lee,  Jas., 
Lees,  Thos.  M., 
Leo,  S.  Newton, 
Leon,  A.  M., 
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Lynch,  P.  J., 
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Lorenze,  Edw.  J., 
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Lamadrid,  J.  J., 
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Little,  Wm.  A.. 
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Lessing,  Ferdinand, 
Langrehr,  H., 
Long,  A.  A., 
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Letellier, 
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Le  Roy  de  Mericourt, 
Le  Marchant, 
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Lowe, 
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Magee,  C.  M., 


Mumford.  E.  S., 
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Mott,  J.  V., 
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Millar,  R., 
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Macfarlan,  Malcome, 
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Martin,  J., 
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Messer,  Geo.  F., 
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Milliken,  F.  H., 
Miller,  J.  S., 
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Mount,  F.  D., 
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McCarrell,  J.  R., 
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Merrick,  S.  K., 
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Moseley,  Wm.  E., 
Moyer,  F.  G. 


io  


Murdock.  Thos.  F., 
McLoughlin.  J.  \V., 
Matthews,  W., 
Melvin,  M.  B., 
Morgan,  Dudley, 
Morgan,  E.  Carroll, 
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Meriwether,  E.  Ed., 
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Olmsted,  Jno.  C, 
O'Reilly,  P.  S., 
Outley,  F.  T., 
Orendorf,  Hy., 
Ogden,  E.  P., 
Ogden.  M.  D., 
Osgood,  Hamilton, 
Otis,  Edw.  C, 
O'Daniel,  A.  A., 
O'Eara,  Michel, 
O'Neill,  J.  J.. 
O'Neill,  J.  Wilds, 
O'Keefe,  8.  C, 
Opie,  Thos., 
Owings,  H.  W., 
Ogle,  Geo.  C, 
O'Brien,  J.  N., 
Orr,  Geo.  B., 
Osborne,  Mary  E., 
Orwig,  G.  A., 
Oster,  L.  W., 
Owen,  F.  W., 
Owen,  Orville  W., 
Owens,  Jay, 
Orme,  H.  S., 
Obiner, 
Odin,  Marius, 
Onimus, 
Ozanam, 
Oilier, 
Oger, 

Paige,  H.  W., 
Page,  R.  C.  M., 
Palmer,  Edm.  J., 
Peck,  Ed.  S., 
Peterson,  Fred., 
Pfeiffer,  Jos., 
Phillips,  C.  E., 
Pierrepont,  Wm.  A., 
Pinkney,  Wm.  H., 
Pope,  Alex  B., 
Porter,  P.  B., 
Porter,  Wm.  H., 
Powell,  Seneca  D., 
Pramann,  A., 
Purcell,  Wm.  J., 
Phillips,  David, 
Pilcher,  Jas.  E., 
Pfeiffer.  A.  G., 
Peacocke,  J.  M., 
Pearce,  E.  F., 
Peck,  A.  E., 
Pennoyer,  Jas., 
Perry,  G.  B., 
Pierrson,  H.  J., 
Pratt,  Wm.  H.  B., 
Prendergast.  John, 
Preston,  H.  G., 
Porter,  Wm.,  Jr., 
Peltier,  Pierre  D., 


Paddock,  Lewis  S.T 
Page,  F.  W., 
Page,  P.  W., 
Parker,  Chas.  F., 
Parks,  J.  Wilson, 
Pattee,  AsaF., 
Payne,  G.  H., 
Pearson,  Mary  M.t 
Pigeon,  J.  C.  D., 
Paddock,  F.  K., 
Potter,  T.  G., 
Pratt,  Lester  M., 
Padeira,  Geo.  W., 
Perry,  8.  H.. 
Proctor,  J.  C, 
Phillips,  J.  S.. 
Park,  Roswell, 
Phelps,  Wm.  C, 
Porter,  Jas., 
Potter,  W.  W., 
Parker,  Jason, 
Pilgrim,  Chas.  W.t 
Page,  I.  R., 
Patterson,  J.  H., 
Pearson,  F.  W., 
Powell,  A.  F.  H., 
Prichard,  J.  E., 
Palmer,  G.  S., 
Pape,  W.  B., 
Patton,  G.  Farrar, 
Parra,  H.  A., 
Paist,  H.  C, 
Pancoast,  Wm.  H., 
Pardee,  H.  A., 
Parish,  Wm.  H., 
Parker,  G.  L., 
Partenheimer.  Jno.R. 
Patterson,  J.  V., 
Perry,  H.  M., 
Porter,  Wm.  G., 
Posey,  L., 
Potsdamer,  Y.  B., 
Patterson,  T.  J., 
Pitcairn,  R.  V.. 
Pennepacker.  H., 
Petrie,  R.  M., 
Parrish,  J., 
Pinneo,  J.  O., 
Patterson,  H., 
Pyle,  J.  P., 
Pindell,  Wm.  Nich., 
Pythian,  C.  T., 
Parsons,  Kate, 
Powell,  H.  H., 
Phinney,  Geo.  W., 
Parmelee,  N.  H.. 
Pooley,  J.  H., 
Pfaff,  O.  G., 
Pink,  Herman, 
Poole,  W.  H., 
Polglase.  Wm.  A., 
Porter,  Phil., 
Pratt,  Chas., 
Pope,  Horace  E., 
Patterson,  C.  E., 
Partridge,  Chas.  C.» 
Palmer,  L.  K., 
Papin,  T.  L., 
Parrish,  J.  G., 
Porter,  Wm., 
Potter,  Oscar, 
Palmer,  E.  R., 
Peters,  H.  W., 
Porter,  R.  H., 
Pusey,  H.  M., 
Patterson,  C.  W., 


76  — 


Palmer,  T.  D., 

Parsons,  G.  F., 

Pearson,  N.  P., 

Pettyjohn,  E  more  S., 

Pierce,  Norvai  H., 

Pynchon,  Edwiu, 

Pool,  D., 

Pugsley,  Edm.  H., 

Pearee,  T.  J., 

Pineo,  W.  B., 

Perrault,  J., 

Prosek,  Jos.  A., 

Pinkerton,  T.  H., 

Prevost,  A.  L., 

Philbrook,  E.  B., 

Parker,  C.  M., 

Pfeiflfer,  O.  J., 

Peabody,  Jas.  H., 

Pidgin,  Lucy  S., 

Pyle,  Benjamin, 

Pietra-Santa,  De, 

Paget, 

Panas, 

Passant, 

Perier, 

Petit, 

Percepied, 

Pittiferrandi, 

Pean, 

Peuoyee, 

Perree, 

Pfeiffer, 

Piechaud, 

Pietri, 

Piogey, 

Pioger, 

Penot, 

Pengniez, 

PaulConstantin, 

Plateau, 

Poriafax, 

Potain, 

Poyet, 

Prengrueber, 

Peuleve, 

Pupier, 

Puy-le-Blanc, 

Quinn,  J.  A., 

Quimby,  Thos.  F.. 

Bamsdell,  E.  Bcuj., 

Eanney,  A.  L., 

Banney,  Jas.  W., 

Bansom,  G.  M., 

Baphael,  Hy., 

Bapp,  Samuei, 

Bassman,  W.  H., 

Bead,  Ira  B., 

Beid,  A.  Y., 

Eeilly,  Jas.  F., 

Beinhanl.  H., 

Beisig,  Bichard, 

Bickaby,  Hamilton, 

Bice,  Clarence  C, 

Bichard,  Montrose  B. 

Eobb,  Samuel  W., 

Boberts,  Milt.  Josiah, 

Boberts,  N.  S., 

Bobertson,  T.  S., 

Bobinson,  Beverly, 

Bobinson,  Wm.  G., 

Sogers,  Oscar  H., 

Bogers,  Willard  H., 

Boof,  Stephen  W., 

Rose,  Achilles, 

Roth,  W.  Chas., 

Eupp,  Adolph, 


Buppaner,  A., 
Bichardson,  W.  H., 
Beynolds,  S.  M., 
Baub,  Jos.  M., 
Bead,  Henry  N., 
Bichardson,  J.  E., 
Bockwell,  F.  W., 
Eooney,  Alex.  J., 
Bousseau,  Z., 
Bivard,  Pierre  E., 
Boe,  Jno.  O., 
Bobinson,  H.,  Sr., 
Bobinson,  H.,  Jr., 
Bobinson,  H.  H., 
Boot,  J.  E., 
Bobinson,  A.  B., 
Bichardson,  Frank  C. 
Beed,  Andrew  F., 
Boberts.  O.  S., 
Bankin,  Francis  H., 
Beed,  Boardman, 
Eae,  W., 
Bead,  J.  W., 
Eicord,  Ph., 
Beinhart,  D.  J., 
Beuling,  Geo., 
Beynolds,  G.  B., 
Busk,  G.  G., 
Bobertson,  W.  W., 
Eadcliffe,  S.  J., 
Bobbins,  H.  A., 
Boberts,  W.  E., 
Baub,  J.  A., 
Beed,  A.  Graham, 
Beed,  Carl  H., 
Eegar,  Horace  K., 
Eex,  G.  A., 
Bex,  Oliver  P., 
Beynolds,  A.  Sidney, 
Eisley,  Samuel  D., 
Bitter,  N.  H., 
Boberts,  A.  Sidney, 
Eobins,  E.  P., 
Eoussell,  A.  E., 
Budderow,  B.  J., 
Bobinson,  Wm.  D., 
Bamsey,  J.  S., 
Eex,  T.  A., 
Eoland,  Oliver, 
Boss,  Geo.. 
Eiddell,  Thos.  J., 
Bavenel,  E., 
Bavenel,  W.  C, 
Bhett,  E.  B.,  Jr.. 
Boberts,  Deering  J., 
Bead,  J.  B., 
Boberts,  D.  J., 
Boaldes,  de  F., 
Bitter,  C.  A., 
Bunnels,  Moses, 
Bamming,  J., 
Eiesmeyer,  L.  T., 
Bemme,  Chas.  T., 
,  Bobinson,  A.  C, 
Beynolds,  Dudley  S., 
Bitter,  H.  B., 
Bandolph,  Bobt., 
Beading,  E.  M., 
Bhodes,  Jno.  Edwin, 
Bobison,  J.  A., 
Bobinson,  Wm., 
Boss.  Jos.  P., 
Binedollar,  N., 
Eansohoff,  Jos., 
Bavolgi,  A., 
Beed,  C.  A.  L., 


Bicketts,  B.  M., 
Bose,  Herman, 
Bosenwasser,  M., 
Bowsey,  W.  T., 
Boseberry,  J.  A., 
Bobertson,  J.  W., 
Bichards,  Samuel  D., 
Eiopel,  E.  E, 
Bay,  J.  M., 
Bainey,  T.  G., 
Boberts,  G.  F., 
Bay  nor,  W.  C, 
Bogers,  Nathan, 
Beed,  W.  E., 
Eadebaugh,  J.  M., 
Eussell,  A.  J., 
Bothwell,  E.  J., 
Both  well,  P.  D., 
Boseuthal,  Chas.  H., 
Eabuteau, 
Baymond, 
Eicord, 
Eieg6. 
Bampol, 
Boustan, 
Bousselin, 
Eigolet, 
Bouquette, 
Bondot, 
Bobin,  Ch., 
Boyer, 

Sanders,  C.  W., 
Satterthwaite,  T.  E., 
Schley,  J.  M.. 
Schoonmaker,  P., 
Schoonover,  P., 
Schweig,  Henry, 
Seaman,  Louis  L., 
Segnitz,  B., 
Shaw,  H.  B., 
Shrady,  Geo.  F., 
Shufelt,  W.  A., 
Small,  Jno.  W.. 
Smith,  Daniel  II., 
Smith,  O.  G., 
Smith,  Sam'l  Wesley, 
Spann,  J.  H., 
Spannhake,  Louis, 
Sprague,  Homer  B., 
Stearns,  Henry  S., 
Steers,  Thos.  H., 
Steinach,  A., 
Stevens,  Wm., 
Stewart,  Eobt., 
Stoeckel,  G.  M., 
Stow,  T.  Dwight, 
Stronach,  J.  Watson, 
Sturgis,  Fred.  E., 
Stutzer,  Emil  T., 
Swan,  A.  T., 
Saner,  C.  T., 
Swasey,  Jno.  H., 
Swift,  Wm.  J., 
Sanders,  J.  A., 
Smith,  Boswell  D., 
Sewall,  S.  C, 
Skiff,  Geo.  V., 
Seltzer,  I.  M., 
Sohloss,  A.  S., 
Spitzer,  H., 
Schultz,  B.  C, 
Santoire,  S.  L., 
Schenck,  P.  L., 
Schlitz,  F.  A., 
Schroeder,  Wm., 
Searle,  Wm.  S., 


Shaw,  John  C. 
Sherwell,  Samuel, 
Simmons,  D., 
Skene.  Alex.  J.  C, 
St.  Clair,  h.  W., 
Stiles,  S.  K., 
Stratton,  W.  E., 
Siuart,  F.  II., 
Sullivan,  J.  D., 
Swalm,  Wm.  F., 
Schouey,  L., 
Sizer,  N.  B.. 
Skillicorn,  Jno.  H., 
Southwork,  J.  B., 
Steenberg,  B.  U., 
Stillman,  W.  O., 
Simmons,  Arthur  B., 
Sheldon,  J.  W., 
Spencer,  C.  D., 
Seeley,  W.  W., 
Soble,  N.  W., 
Spencer,  Thos.  D., 
Stockschlaeder.Peter. 
Streeter,  H.  W., 
Sumner,  Chas., 
Slacer,  W.  H., 
Smith,  Ed.  T., 
Storck,  E., 
Sajous,  Chas.  E., 
Salinger,  Julius  S., 
Santee,  E.  1., 
Sargent,  J.  H., 
Schott,  A., 
Schoales,  C.  B., 
Schoales.  J.  D., 
Seltzer,  Chas.  M., 
Sheets,  Jno., 
Sherburne,  Samuel, 
Skinner,  Henry, 
Smedley,  I.  G., 
Smith.  A.  D., 
Smith,  G.  W., 
Smith,  H.  A.. 
Sommerville,  Jas.  M., 
Stenger,  C.  F., 
Steinbach,  L.  W., 
Stewart,  E., 
Stewart,  B.  B., 
Stewart,  W.  S., 
Stubbs,  G.  E., 
Starr,  Louis, 
Somerville,  J.  H., 
Stretch,  B.  G., 
Seip,  C.  P., 
Sutton,  B.  S., 
Sterley,  J.  B., 
Shafer,  A.  P.  H., 
Stewart,  Samuel  S., 
Sibbett,  P.  Lowry, 
Sanford,  L. «,., 
Skiff,  P.  C, 
Smith,  M., 
Stetson,  J.  E., 
Smith,  O.  C, 
Shepherd,  Geo.  B., 
Sanders,  O.  B., 
Scofteld,  C.  8., 
Small,  Herbert  E., 
Starbird,  I.  W., 
Stedman,  Geo., 
Smith,  W.  E., 
Smith,  E.  B., 
Smith,  S.,  Jr., 
Swarts,  Gardner  P.. 
Shank,  P.  S., 
Smith,  Edward  C. 


—  77  — 


Schley,  C.  C, 
Sabal,  E.  F., 
Stollenwerck,  P.  J., 
Smith,  D.  E., 
Shannon,  T.  G., 
Sim,  F.  L., 
Sleght,  B.  H., 
Schureman,  A.  J., 
Sadtler,  Chas.  E., 
Saxton,  A.  H., 
Scarff,  J.  H., 
Sellman,  W.  A.  B., 
Shannon,  Geo.  C, 
Shearer,  Thos.  L., 
Stark,  H., 
Steuart,  J.  A., 
Spear,  H.  T., 
Shoulters,  Geo.  H. 
Shute,  D.  K., 
Smith,  T.  C, 
Sonnenschmidt,  C.W. 
Sowers,  Z.  T., 
Swormstedt,  L.  B., 
Street,  D.  B., 
Seeley,  T.  P., 
Shenick,  O.  T., 
Sinclair,  Chas.  F., 
Saunier,  A.  J.  C, 
Smith,  Chas.  Gilman, 
Smith,  Wm.  F., 
Stanley.  W.  A., 
Steele,  D.  A.  K., 
Steger,  R.  W., 
Stockton,  F.  O., 
Storey,  C.  A., 
Snyder,  A.  F., 
Sattler,  Eric  E., 
Schell,  F.  H., 
Schmidt,  F.  G., 
Stevenson,  Jno.  W., 
Sanders,  J.  Kent, 
Smith,  D.  B., 
Somerville,  Geo.  H., 
Stone,  Martha  M., 
Sullivan,  E.  W., 
Sykora,  Jos., 
Strong,  J., 
Smith,  C.  N"., 
Seltzer,  Van  S., 
Schuppert,  W.  E., 
Souchon,  Ed., 
Seydewitz,  von  Paul, 
Snell,  Jno.  It., 
Scott,  J.  M., 
Schuricht,  G.  S., 
Shore,  Jno., 
Smith,  Els  worth  F., 
Stevens,  J.  M., 
Steer,  Justin, 
Smith,  Q.  C, 
Schooler,  Lewis, 
Scott,  W.  Preston 
Smith,  Eugene, 
Spalding,  F.  A., 
Spranger,  M.  J., 
Scheig,  Elmer  F., 
Slagle,  C.  G., 
Spaulding,  S.  M., 
Senkler,  Albert  E., 
Shimoneck.  A., 
Sohlberg.  Oloff, 
Scollard,  W.  E., 
Scribner,E.  B., 
Simpson.  G.  F., 
Stucky,  T.  H.j. 
Satterwhite,  T.  P., 


Stillson,  Jos.  O., 
Sawyer,  H.  C, 
Simpson,  Jas., 
Storrer,  Jas., 
Swan,  Benj.  R., 
Skilling,  D., 
Simonton,  W.  B., 
Shirk,  A., 
Szigethy,  De  C.  A 
Solley,  S., 
Strickler,  W.  M., 
Summer,  Jno.'E.,  Jr. 
Standart,  A.  C, 
Shelton,  G.  A., 
Scaglia, 
See,  Germain, 
Saint  Germain,  de, 
Seux, 
Sichel, 
Serraud,  R., 
,  Simon,  G., 
Souligoux, 
Roux-Seignoret, 
Schroff, 
Saint-Michel, 
Sprimont, 
Salemi,  F., 
Talbot,  R.  R., 
Talson,  Geo.  W., 
Tansley,  J.  O., 
Taylor,  Robt.  W., 
Taylor,  Isaac, 
Taylor,  Thos.  C, 
Thomas,  F.  A., 
Thomas,  J.  C, 
Thompson,  J.  H., 
Tinker,  C.  A., 
Titus,  Ed.  C, 
Traut,  J.  F, 
Trigg,  Henry  S., 
Tuttle,  Jas.  P., 
Turner.  J.  L., 
Telfair,  Wm.  G., 
Turner,  E.  P., 
Ten  Eyck,  C.  H., 
Talmage,  Samuel, 
Terhune,  J.  J., 
Thompson,  J.  M., 
Torry,  W.  S., 
Tucker,  Chas.  B., 
Tuthill,  Jas.  Y., 
Taber,  J.  Russell, 
Thompson,  E.  L.  R., 
Todd, W.  S„ 
Thayer,  C.  P., 
Thayer,  David, 
Thompson,  J.  B., 
Terry,  H., 
Traver,  W.  H., 
Thayer,  A.  S.. 
Thompson,  Jno., 
Thomas,  O.  A., 
Totman,  Daniel  M., 
Throop,  D.  C, 
Tobie,  E., 
Tremaine,  W.  S., 
Tinsley,  A., 
Taylor,  L.  M., 
Townsend,  Smith, 
Taylor,  K.  K., 


Taylor,  Wm.  T., 
Thatcher,  J.  W., 
Thomas,  A.  R., 
Tiedeman,  H., 
Turnbull,  Chas.  S., 
Treacy,  J.  P., 
Townsend,  E.  P., 
Terrill,  Thos., 
Thompson,  H.  M., 
Tuholske,  H., 
Thornton,  Theo.  W., 
Thompson,  J.  M., 
Taylor,  R.  H., 
Tabor,  F.  S., 
Thomson,  G.  A., 
Tomboecken,  H., 
Tobias,  G.  Jackson, 
Thompson,  J.  H., 
Trudgeon,  W., 
Tauber,  B., 
Taylor,  Longstreet, 
Taylor,  W.  H., 
Tenney,  W.  A.  R., 
Thorpe,  Juliet  M., 
Thrasher,  A.  B., 
Trush,  J., 

Thompson,  Chas.  E., 
Thorner,  Max, 
Thomas,  W.  B., 
Thorpe,  S.  L., 
Thomas,  F.  W., 
Thorn,  Samuel  S., 
Taylor,  C.  W., 
Taylor,  R.  W., 
Thomson,  D.  D., 
Tappey,  E.  T., 
Thayer,  C.  E., 
Titus,  I.  S., 
Tremaine,  W.  S., 
Tibbits,  G.  W., 
Taggart,  J.  P., 
Todd,  W.  S., 
Trossat, 
Thaon, 
Taberlet, 
Troque, 
Teissier, 
Tripier, 
Terrillon, 
Thermes, 
Trelat, 
Trousseau, 
Turner, 
Tillaux, 
Toland,  C.  G., 
Upham,  Geo.  B., 
Ure,  W., 
Unger,  C., 
Upshur,  J.  N., 
Utley.  J.  H., 
Valk,  Francis, 
Vanderpoel,  W.  B., 
Vander  Poel,  S.  O., 
Van  Valzah,  W.  W., 
Vedder,  M.  R., 
Vehslage,  S.  H., 
Vincent,  Ludger  C, 
Vosburgh,  Benj.  F., 
Van  Harlingen,  J., 
Van  Ness,  Jno., 


Tompkins,  ChristopherVander  Veer,  A., 


Taylor,  Philip, 
Taylor,  B.  W., 
Touatre,  J., 
Tait,  Alex., 
Taylor,  J.  Madison, 


Van  Bibber,  Claude, 
Vandergriff,  Jno.  B., 
Van  Allen,  Jno.  R., 
Vaughan,  R.  A., 
Vance,  Ap.  Morgan, 


Vose,  E.  F., 
Van  Deusen,  Ed.  H., 
Van  Lennep,  W.  B., 
Varick,  Theo.  R., 
Varick,  W.  W., 
Vance,  R.  A., 
Viets,  B.  B., 
Van  Seltzer,  S., 
Vnn  Slyke,  F.  W. 
Van  Slyck,  D.  B., 
Von  Aureso, 
Venet, 
Varda, 
Von  Aurep, 
Villeneuve 
Vintrass, 
Vincent, 
Valcourt,  de, 
Wagner,  Clinton, 
Waldo,  Ralph, 
Walker,  Wm.  A., 
<  allace,  Wm.  B., 
Wallach,  J.  G., 
Walsh,  Walter  J., 
Ward,  Jno.  E., 
Ward,  Whitfield, 
Warner,  Jno.  W., 
Warren,  Jno.,, 
Washburn,  W., 
Watts,  Robt., 
Weaber,  Wm.  H., 
Weed,  Edgar  T., 
Welles,  Chas.  S., 
Wendt,  Edward, 
West,  Mary  S.. 
Weston,  Wm.  H., 
Weyland,  Louis, 
Weber,  Leonard, 
Wellman,  W.  J., 
Wheeler,  Jno.  II., 
White,  Frank  H., 
White,  J.  Blake, 
Whitney,  A.  B., 
Wiesner,  Daniel  H., 
Wilcox,  R.  W., 
Wilcox,  Sidney  F., 
Wilson,  Jno.  H., 
Williams,  Fred.  W., 
Winters,  Jos.  E., 
Woodbury,  Ed.  C, 
Woodcock,  Allan, 
Worster,  W.  Parker, 
Wylie,  W.  Gill, 
Wynkoop,  G.  H., 
Wyler,  E., 

Wackerhagen.  Geo... 
Walker,  Jerome, 
Welton,  R.  B.. 
West.  Frank  E., 
Westbrook,  Benj.  F., 
Westbrook,  Geo.  R., 
Wheeler,  Ed.  A., 
White,  G.  R., 
Whitney,  E.  J., 
Wilber,  A.  A., 
Ward,  Samuel  B., 
Wright,  Chas.  F., 
Wilbor,  Chas.  W., 
Wilson,  Benj., 
Walsh,  Jno.  J., 
Wetmore,  S.  W., 
Wilson,  A.  B., 
Wright,  A.  R., 
Wyckoff,  C.  C, 
Wales,  Theron  A., 
White,  B.  W., 


—  78  — 


Wainwright.W.A.M. 
Wheeler,  F.  II., 
Washburn,  Geo.  II., 
Webb,  M.  E., 
Whitmore,  A.  S., 
Whlttier,  E.  N., 
Wilson,  Geo.  8., 
Weber,  F.  O., 
Wyman.  S.  E., 
Wentworth.  W.  II., 
Walker,  E.  F, 
Walker.  J.  B., 
Warder,  W.  H., 
Watson,  A.  W., 
Waugh,  Wrm.  F., 
Weed,  Chas.  L., 
White,  J.  Wm., 
Whiteside.  J.  E., 
Wilson,  Chas.  M., 
Wilson,  M.  J., 
Williams,  Horace, 
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